供需耦合协调视角下高密度城市公园 绿地公平性研究——以深圳龙华区为例

Research on Equity of Park Green Spaces in High-density Cities from the Perspective of Supply-demand Coupling Coordination: A Case Study of Longhua District, Shenzhen

关键词:  风景园林  绿地公平  公园绿地  供需耦合  协调发展  弱势群体  高密度城市

Key words:  landscape architecture  green space equity  urban park  supply-demand coupling  coordinated development  vulnerable groups  high density city

摘要:

城市化的快速发展致使城区人口密度迅速上升，公园绿地资源供需失调、绿地配置不公平的情况日益突出。在存量发展的背景下，基于供需耦合协调理论，从“空间公平-社会公平-社会正义”3个维度构建高密度城市公园绿地供需空间匹配关系和协调发展程度的研究框架，并以深圳市龙华区为例，以社区为研究尺度，探究弱势群体的绿地资源配置差异。结果表明：1)从供需耦合协调视角能够更为精准地对城市公园绿地配置的公平性进行测度，并研究其空间分异特征； 2)龙华区中部的公园绿地供给滞后，大部分区域处于供需失调状态；3)群体间绿地资源分配差异明显，老年群体和儿童群体的绿地供给滞后情况在南部较为严重。研究结果可为高密度城市绿地的规划提供精细化评价的参考，有助于实现城市绿地空间的社会效益均衡及高质量协调发展。

Abstract:

With the rapid development of urbanization and increase of urban population density, the imbalance between supply and demand of urban park resources and the unfair allocation of green spaces are becoming increasingly prominent. In the context of stock development, based on the supply-demand coupling coordination theory, from the three aspects of "space equity, social equity and social justice", the spatial matching relationship between supply and demand and the coordinated development degree of urban park green spaces were studied. Then taking Longhua District of Shenzhen City as an example, and taking the community as the research scale, the difference of green space resource allocation of vulnerable groups was explored. The results showed as follows: 1) From the perspective of supply-demand coupling coordination, the equity of urban park green space allocation can be measured more accurately, and its spatial differentiation characteristics can be studied; 2) The supply of park green space in the middle of Longhua District lags behind, and the development of supply and demand in most areas is in a state of imbalance; 3) There are significant differences in the allocation of green space resources among groups, and the lag of green space supply among the elderly and children is more serious in the south. This study provides a reference for fine evaluation of high-density urban green space planning and helps to achieve balanced social benefits and high-quality coordinated development of urban park green spaces.