“灞柳风雪”郊野景观递迁：空间、活动与内涵

The Evolution of "Ba liu Feng Xue" as a Suburban Landscape:Space, Activities, and Connotations

关键词:  风景园林  都城  郊野别墅园  灞柳风雪  景观活动

Key words:  landscape architecture  capital city  country villa with garden  Ba Liu Feng Xue  cultural landscape activity

摘要:

作为“关中八景”之一的“灞柳风雪”是郊野景观中的典型代表。通过爬梳“灞柳风雪”的史籍、园记等文献以及运用现场调研等研究方法，分析其从 西周到隋唐在营建过程中的景观空间、景观活动和景观内涵。结果显示，“灞柳风雪”概念来自“灞桥风雪”，不只是一个景观概念和景观点，而且是一个区域 广阔的地理意义景观空间，它随周秦汉隋唐都城位置与规模不断变化，其空间圈层从远野递迁为近郊，即从镐京自然风景递迁为长安别墅园；“灞柳风雪”的空 间转变过程，融合地理自然风光与历史文化内涵，体现了郊野景观空间、景观活动、景观文化内涵三者之间的深层互动关系，证明了景观空间转变过程既影响景 观活动的兴衰，景观活力又反赋予空间丰富的文化内涵。研究结果有助于当前西安市进一步利用“灞柳风雪”郊野景观提升城市文化景观品质，同时也对其他城 市利用“八景”景观遗产进行规划和设计提供借鉴。

Abstract:

This study examines the historical landscape known as "Ba Liu Feng Xue", one of the renowned "Eight Scenic Views of Guanzhong", as a highly representative example within the suburban landscape tradition of ancient China, embodying rich layers of historical memory and humanistic sentiment. By integrating systematic reviews of historical literature with on-site field investigations, the research comprehensively compiles historical records, garden descriptions, and related poetic texts concerning "Ba Liu Feng Xue" from the Western Zhou through the Sui and Tang dynasties. On this basis, it focuses on tracing the long-term evolution of the landscape's spatial configuration, the spectrum of human activities it accommodated, and the processes through which its cultural meanings were generated and progressively accumulated. The findings indicate that the concept of "Ba Liu Feng Xue" originated from "Ba Qiao Feng Xue" and refers not merely to a single visual scene or isolated site, but to an integrated regional landscape characterized by pronounced spatial extensibility and shared cultural identity. This landscape evolved in close association with shifts in the location and expansion of imperial capitals during the Zhou, Qin, Han, Sui, and Tang periods, undergoing continuous transformations in both spatial structure and functional orientation. Its spatial hierarchy followed a discernible trajectory of progression and qualitative transition, moving from distant suburban natural scenery toward nearer suburban villa gardens, reflecting an increasingly intensive pattern of landscape development. Specifically, the area transformed from the predominantly natural environment of the Haojing period into, by the Sui and Tang dynasties, a concentrated zone of suburban villa gardens serving functions of leisure, sightseeing, and ceremonial farewell on the outskirts of Chang'an. This process of spatial transformation was deeply intertwined with the natural geographical conditions along the Ba River and the accumulation of historical and cultural meanings, vividly demonstrating the complex and dynamic interactions among spatial construction, landscape practices, and cultural significance within suburban landscape systems. The study further reveals that changes in landscape space not only directly stimulated the emergence and evolution of related landscape activities but were also reciprocally shaped by the continuous enrichment and expansion of associated cultural meanings. Through this mutually reinforcing process, spatial form and cultural significance entered a virtuous cycle of co-constitution, in which physical settings and symbolic meanings continuously informed and redefined one another over time. Beyond reconstructing the historical value of "Ba Liu Feng Xue" as an integrated cultural landscape, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of its composite significance and provides historically grounded insights for contemporary urban development and cultural planning in Xi'an. In particular, it offers a theoretical and historical basis for utilizing suburban landscape heritage to enhance urban cultural landscape quality and to shape distinctive humanistic spaces within ongoing processes of modernization. Moreover, the research perspective and conclusions presented here hold broader relevance for other cities seeking to protect, reinterpret, and activate "Eight Scenic Views"-type cultural heritage through landscape planning and urban design practices. By situating historically evolved scenic concepts within contemporary spatial strategies, the study underscores the importance of aligning heritage conservation with adaptive use, social engagement, and contextual design, thereby fostering sustainable relationships between historical landscapes, present urban life, and future cultural continuity across multiple scales of governance and planning practice globally.