华山风景名胜区40年发展历程(1978—2018年)及其 启示

The Development Course of Huashan Scenic Area over 40 Years(1978-2018) and Its Enlightenment

关键词:  风景园林  华山风景名胜区  发展历程  历史经验  传统风景智慧  继承与创新

Key words:  landscape architecture  Huashan Scenic Area  development history  historical experience  traditional landscape wisdom  inheritance and innovation

摘要:

自1978年改革开放以来，风景名胜区作为中国特有保护地制度已逐步建立完善。华山风景名胜区作为国务院1982年首批公布的国家重点风景名胜区， 其发展历程深刻反映了风景名胜区事业从探索到成熟的演进特征。当前，有关华山风景名胜区的研究仍存在建设史空缺与演变研究不足等问题。基于文献梳理、实 地调查和历史资料分析，梳理了华山风景名胜区发展历程，包括恢复管理建设(1978—1982年)、管理建设初期(1982—1999年)、管理建设深化(1999—2018 年)3个历史阶段，总结了不同时期华山风景名胜区认知与发展的侧重点。通过对比管理机构改变导致的管理状况变化、不同时代背景下规划指导思想的变化，以及 华山风景名胜区资源认知与规划建设的关系，揭示了资源价值的科学认知与传统风景智慧的继承对推动风景名胜区可持续发展的重要作用，对于充实我国风景名胜 区的发展历史与空间建设具有参考价值

Abstract:

Since the reform and opening up in 1978, China has taken important steps in the protection of natural and cultural resources. Scenic areas, as a unique regional management and protection system, have gradually been established and continuously improved. As one of the first national key scenic spots announced by the State Council in 1982, Huashan Scenic Area's development process is not only a part of Huashan's own history, but also a vivid epitome of China's scenic spot industry from exploration to maturity, from tradition to modernity. However, there are still many shortcomings in current research on Mount Hua. On the one hand, there is a gap in the research on the construction history of Huashan Scenic Area, lacking a systematic review of its development process; On the other hand, research on its evolution process is also relatively weak, failing to fully explore its characteristics and experiences in different historical stages. To fill these research gaps, this study comprehensively reviewed the development process of Huashan Scenic Area through literature review, field investigation, and historical data analysis. It was divided into the restoration and management construction stage (1978-1982), the initial stage of management construction (1982-1999), and the deepening stage of management construction (1999-2019). During the period of restoration management and construction (1978-1982), Huashan Scenic Area experienced an important turning point from silence to recovery. During this period, China had just opened the door to reform and opening up, and the social and economic development needed revitalization. Huashan also ushered in new development opportunities. In the early stage of management and construction (1982-1999), after Huashan was officially listed as a national key scenic spot, its protection and development received close attention at the national level. During this period, the scenic area focused on infrastructure construction, such as roads, cable cars, and tourist facilities, which were continuously improved. At the same time, relevant planning and management policies were formulated. During this stage, the Huashan Scenic Area gradually formed a relatively complete management system. In the deepening stage of management and construction (1999-2018), with the rapid development of the tourism industry and the increasing awareness of ecological environment protection among people, the management of Huashan Scenic Area is facing higher requirements. During this period, scenic spots paid more attention to the scientific protection and rational utilization of resources, and improved the ecological environment quality and cultural connotation of scenic spots by formulating detailed plans and strict management measures. By analyzing the different historical stages of Huashan Scenic Area, this study summarizes the cognitive and developmental focus of Huashan Scenic Area in different periods. Research has found that changes in management institutions have had a significant impact on the management situation, and the planning guidance ideas under different historical backgrounds have also evolved continuously with the development of the social economy. In addition, there is a close relationship between the scenic resources of Huashan and planning and construction, and the rational development and protection of resources are the key to the sustainable development of the scenic area. This study reveals the important role of scientific understanding of resource value and the inheritance of traditional scenic wisdom in promoting the sustainable development of scenic spots. As a famous scenic spot in China, Huashan's development process fully reflects how to achieve organic integration with the needs of modern society while protecting natural and cultural resources. This research achievement not only enriches the development history of China's scenic spots but also provides valuable reference and inspiration for the spatial construction of scenic spots.