基于“社会-空间”适配性的社区公共空间网络优化 研究——以西安建南社区为例

Research on Optimization of Community Public Space NetworkBased on "Socio-Spatial" Suitability: Taking Xi'an JiannanCommunity as an Example

关键词:  风景园林  社区公共空间  社会网络分析法  “社会-空间”网络  适配性  空间优化

Key words:  landscape architecture  community public space  Social Network Analysis (SNA)  "socio-spatial" network  adaptability  space optimization

摘要:

网络社交突破地理空间束缚，人群依托共同兴趣与价值取向快速建立联结，形成新的社交网络和社群文化。但随之增强的社会流动性不可避免地冲击地 方文化和本土生活，致使社区公共空间出现“社会-空间”失配现象。运用社会网络分析法，以西安建南社区为例，借助空间整体网络、子群网络和时空网络的相 关参数探讨“社会-空间”的适配性关系，从增“点”赋能、通“线”增联、聚“面”成团3个层面提出优化策略。结果显示：社区公共空间可以成为游客与居民 产生关联的锚点，游客可在一定程度上促进空间发展；居民与游客对公共空间的使用有让渡，也有交融；商业公共空间可在一定程度上整合社会交往。基于人群 行为网络与空间网络的关联特征，拓展了空间社会属性的网络化研究视角，为社区更新过程中提升公共空间发展适应性提供支撑。

Abstract:

Driven by digital technology, online social interaction has fundamentally transcended geographical boundaries, enabling individuals to rapidly form communities based on shared interests and values. While this has given rise to vibrant new social networks and forms of cultural expression, it has also intensified social mobility, which inevitably disrupts established local cultures and lifestyles. A key consequence of this disruption is the growing "sociospatial" mismatch in the public spaces of urban communities, where the physical environment fails to meet the evolving and diverse needs of residents and transient populations. Taking the Jiannan Community in Xi'an as a case study, this research employs social network analysis (SNA) to systematically explore the adaptive relationship between social behavior and spatial configuration, thereby addressing this pressing issue. The research framework involves constructing and comparing three distinct network models: an aggregate spatial network based on the physical connectivity of 28 public space nodes, and behavioral networks of residents and visitors derived from path samples that record activity patterns and co-occurrence frequencies. Key network parameters - including density, centrality, clustering coefficient, and average path length - were calculated using Ucinet 6.0 and visualized via Netdraw to assess the structural fit among these networks. The findings reveal several key insights. First, community public spaces serve as vital links connecting residents and visitors; while visitors often trigger dynamics that are both compromising and integrative in terms of space use, their presence can act as a catalyst for spatial vitality and economic development. Second, commercial public spaces - particularly linear street-type spaces - demonstrate a remarkable capacity to integrate diverse social interactions, effectively functioning as "meeting zones". Third, temporal analysis revealed distinct diurnal rhythms: mornings are dominated by residents, afternoons see a mix of residents and visitors, and evenings shift toward visitordominated activities, indicating that the spaces possess flexible temporal adaptability. Based on these findings, this paper proposes three targeted optimization strategies: First, enhance the vitality of "nodes" by revitalizing underutilized nodes and introducing diverse functions, thereby improving spatial integration and node centrality; Second, improve the accessibility of "lines" by enhancing physical and digital connectivity, breaking down barriers, and creating coherent walking routes; third, aggregate "areas" by optimizing spatial grouping to enhance cohesion and hierarchy, thereby creating a balanced and vibrant hub of activity. This study not only broadens the perspective on researching the social attributes of space from a network-based viewpoint but also provides actionable guidelines for designing adaptable and sustainable community public spaces that can accommodate the complex interactions among diverse user groups in an era of increased social mobility and digital connectivity.