景观考古学视野下的良渚聚落遗址人地关系释读

Interpretation of the Human-Land Relationship at LiangzhuSettlement Site from the Perspective of LandscapeArchaeology

关键词:  风景园林  良渚遗址  聚落  景观考古  风景园林史  GMCE分析

Key words:  landscape architecture  Liangzhu site  settlement  landscape archaeology  history of landscape architecture  GMCE analysis

摘要:

虽然景观考古学在聚落遗址研究中已有应用，但对于全域范围的整体性探讨和综合分析还较薄弱。基于地理信息和考古资料，运用GMCE分析方法和样 方分析、核密度分析，揭示良渚时期人地互动关系的主要特征。发现良渚时期聚落遗址分布受到高程、坡度、坡向与水文的明显制约，表现出对低海拔、平缓坡 度、良好光照条件和靠近小径流水资源等环境要素的高度偏好。认为良渚时期已形成全社会层面共识性的人地互动策略，采用以等级聚落为基础的分层级人地互 动机制，受经济、社会、文化、政治等因素共同作用影响。对探索景观考古学中考古遗址宏观尺度研究方法，多角度理解史前传统人居智慧具有启示作用和借鉴 意义。

Abstract:

Despite the application of landscape archaeology in studying the settlement site, the field remains underdeveloped in terms of holistic research and comprehensive analysis of the entire domain scope. The GMCE analysis method, in conjunction with sample analysis and kernel density analysis, is employed to elucidate the principal characteristics of human-land interaction during the Liangzhu period based on geographic information and archaeological data. It has been demonstrated that the distribution of Liangzhu period settlement sites was significantly constrained by elevation, slope, slope direction, and hydrology. This indicates a high preference for environmental elements such as low elevation, gentle slope, good lighting conditions, and proximity to small runoff water resources. It is thought that the Liangzhu period had already established a consensus regarding human-land interaction at the social level, adopting a hierarchical human-land interaction mechanism based on hierarchical settlements. Furthermore, the influence of economic, social, cultural, rights, and beliefs has gradually become more prominent. This is a significant finding that provides valuable insights into the macro-scale research method of archaeological sites in landscape archaeology and offers a deeper understanding of the wisdom of prehistoric traditional human settlements from multiple perspectives.