基于海景特征单元的沿海地区自然保护与管理方法 研究——以珠海市为例

Research on Methods of Nature Conservation and Managementin Coastal Areas Based on Seascape Character Units: A CaseStudy of Zhuhai

关键词:  风景园林  景观单元  海景特征评估  景观特征评估  景观管理

Key words:  landscape architecture  landscape unit  seascape character assessment  landscape character assessment  landscape management

摘要:

当前中国沿海地区的自然保护相对内陆地区面临着更大的发展压力，在全域全要素的保护目标下，沿海地区亟须探索更全面的自然保护管理方法。以珠 海市海域为例，借鉴英国海景特征评估的方法，开展市域尺度海景特征分类，并以海景特征单元作为管理单元，结合“功能-风险”评价识别区域生态问题，构建珠 海海景保护格局与策略框架。研究区域内共识别9种海景特征类型，划分169个海景特征单元。结果表明，保护优先类策略的管理单元占比达31%，其中，宜采取 “修复”和“创造”策略的单元较多，累计占比达69%。研究结果可为沿海景观分类保护管理决策提供支撑信息与证据基础，并能与离散的保护区体系相整合，为 各类保护区提供全域的空间背景与总体框架，提升沿海区域的自然保护效能。

Abstract:

Currently, China's coastal areas are facing greater development pressure in terms of natural conservation compared to inland regions. Under the goal of comprehensive, all-element protection, sole reliance on protected areas is inadequate for mitigating external impacts or achieving effective conservation. To realize comprehensive conservation objectives that encompass all elements across the entire region, holistic coastal management methods are urgently needed. Using Zhuhai City as a case study, we applied seascape character assessment (SCA) to classify seascape characters at the city scale. Our framework involved three main steps: 1) identifying seascape character units, 2) conducting a "function-risk" evaluation, and 3) developing seascape protection patterns and strategies. We selected 15 variables across 5 natural dimensions (geomorphology, coastal characteristics, water types, bathymetry, habitats) and one anthropogenic factor (island development) based on local characteristics and existing classifications. Next, 500 m x 500 m grid units were used to integrate the 15 classification variables, and two-step cluster analysis was employed as the clustering method to group the 15 variables into characteristic types, thereby identifying seascape character units. Finally, using these units as management units, regional ecological issues were identified through the "function-risk" evaluation, leading to the development of a seascape protection framework and strategies for Zhuhai's marine area. The study identified 9 types of seascape character types and 169 seascape character units. Results indicated that 31% of the units required priority protection strategies, while 69% of the units necessitated "restoration" and "creation" within protection and management strategies. Our framework advances coastal management by combining SCA with quantitative function-risk evaluation. This methodology offers a transparent, replicable approach for seascape characterization while overcoming the limitations of qualitative conservation planning. The integrated assessment system identifies primary risk sources and prioritizes management interventions through a combination of ecological function valuation and risk analysis. Compared to single-dimensional evaluations, this dual-axis approach better captures regional ecological complexity and facilitates a balance between conservation and development. The resulting spatial prioritization complements existing protected area networks and provides a scientific evidence base for coordinated coastal management. This study demonstrates the potential of SCA-based approaches to enhance conservation outcomes in rapidly developing coastal areas.