基于地貌分异的苗疆走廊传统聚落景观特征及适应性管护模式研究

Research on Landscape Characteristics and AdaptiveManagement Patterns of Traditional Settlements in Miao BorderCorridor Based on Geomorphic Differentiation

关键词:  风景园林  传统聚落  苗疆走廊  地貌分异  景观特征  形成机制

Key words:  landscape architecture  traditional settlement  Miao Border Corridor  geomorphic differentiation  landscape characteristics  formation mechanism

摘要:

苗疆走廊是中国西南地区民族迁徙与文化交流的重要通道，区域内广泛分布的喀斯特地貌和复杂的地形条件对传统聚落的形成与发展具有重要影响，蕴 含着深厚的文化生态价值。然而，随着城镇化和村镇旅游开发的推进，区域内的敏感地貌环境往往被忽视，导致传统聚落的生态结构遭到破坏，文化特征逐渐丧 失，制约了聚落的可持续发展。以地貌分异为切入点，结合实地调研、历史文献及遥感影像等数据，从聚落的空间分布、形态特征、农田布局和建筑结构4个维 度，深入探讨了苗疆走廊在不同地貌类型下的传统聚落景观特征及其分异机制，并提出了相应的适应性管护模式。研究表明：1)坪坝、峰丛洼地、高原山地等不同 地貌类型下，聚落景观特征存在显著差异；2)苗疆走廊传统聚落景观特征形成发展主要受地形空间阻隔、水土资源制约、族群适应能力和安全防御需求4个关键因 子的影响。在此基础上，研究结合地貌分异、生态敏感性与民族特色等因素，提出“区域协同、分类施策、动态优化”的系统管护策略，并针对不同地貌类型分别 提出集约控制型、分散管理型和韧性发展型的适应性管护模式。为苗疆走廊的地域文化理解提供了新的视角，并为该地区的乡村振兴战略与人居环境规划建设提供 了重要的理论依据和实践指导

Abstract:

The Miao Border Corridor serves as a crucial corridor for ethnic migration and cultural communication in southwestern China. The extensive karst landforms and complex topographic conditions in this region exert profound influences on the formation and evolution of traditional settlements, endowing them with rich cultural and ecological values. Nevertheless, rapid urbanization and rural tourism development have largely neglected the fragile geomorphic environment, resulting in the degradation of ecological structures, the gradual disappearance of distinctive cultural features, and the restriction of sustainable development of traditional settlements. Taking geomorphic differentiation as the core entry point, this study integrates field investigation, historical literature analysis, and remote sensing interpretation to examine the landscape characteristics and differentiation mechanisms of traditional settlements across diverse geomorphic types in the Miao Border Corridor. Four dimensions are analyzed: spatial distribution, morphological features, farmland layout, and architectural structure. The results demonstrate that: 1) Significant differences exist in settlement landscapes among flat dam areas, peak-cluster depressions, and plateau mountainous regions; 2) The formation and evolution of traditional settlement landscapes are mainly driven by four key factors: topographic obstruction, constraints of water and soil resources, ethnic adaptability, and demands for safety and defense. Based on the above findings, this study proposes an integrated management strategy of "regional coordination, classified implementation, and dynamic optimization" by comprehensively considering geomorphic differentiation, ecological sensitivity, and ethnic cultural characteristics. Correspondingly, three adaptive management modes are put forward for different geomorphic types: intensive control mode for flat dam areas, decentralized management mode for peak-cluster depressions, and resilient development mode for plateau mountainous regions. This research enriches the understanding of regional cultural connotations in the Miaojiang Corridor and provides a solid theoretical foundation and practical references for rural revitalization, and human settlement planning and construction in karst-dominated ethnic areas