叠压型遗址“锚固-层积”要素组织逻辑及保护路径——以汉长安城礼制建筑遗址区 为例

The Organizational Logic and Conservation Path of Anchoring-Layering Elements in StackedArchaeological Sites: A Case Study of the Ritual Architecture Site Area of Chang'an City of Han Dynasty

关键词:  风景园林  叠压型遗址  汉长安城  “锚固-层积”  要素组织  保护路径

Key words:  landscape architecture  stacked archaeological site  Chang'an City of Han Dynasty  anchoring-layering  element organization  conservation path

摘要:

叠压型遗址是城址遗址与现代城市空间交织的区域，也是遗址保护与城市发展的矛盾焦点。作为决策设计的多历史态景观单元与单一实施载体之间“多 对一”的关系，使传统保护规划思维难以适配。基于中国传统古建筑“原形-遗存-废墟”的演变特性，建构了“锚固-层积”理论框架，以汉长安城礼制建筑遗址 区为例，识别出“汉新-隋唐-现代”3个时间切片的3×5类“锚固-层积”景观要素，提炼出其“二维表象扩展-宏观关系凝练-多维视觉感知”的空间单元化组织逻 辑。将完整性与真实性置于“叠压-覆盖”的动态层积中，提出隐性历时性联系的保护内涵与时序性建议，构建了“区划-管控-保护-利用”动态协同的保护路径， 为叠压型遗址的保护规划提供了新思路

Abstract:

Stacked archaeological sites are a special type of heritage formed through the long-term interweaving of ancient city sites and modern urban space, and they are also among the areas where the conflict between heritage conservation and urban development is most concentrated. As their historic landscapes have undergone repeated processes of stacking and covering during long-term urban construction, the original remains are often completely erased, resulting in a complex many-to-one relationship between multi-temporal landscape units and a single present-day spatial carrier. In such contexts, rich historical information coexists with weak material visibility, while the historical pattern is often concealed by modern urban form. For this reason, conventional conservation planning approaches centered on identifying protected objects, defining protection zones, and applying hierarchical control measures are often difficult to adapt to stacked archaeological sites, especially when multiple historical layers, spatial overlap, and complex land-use conditions are involved. Based on the evolutionary characteristics of traditional Chinese architecture from prototype to remain to ruin, and drawing on the Historic Urban Landscape approach and the anchoring-layering method, this paper develops an anchoring-layering theoretical framework suitable for stacked archaeological sites. This framework is intended to explain how historical landscape elements are generated, transformed, and superimposed across time, and how they can be translated into a spatial language useful for conservation planning. From a full-period and multi-temporal perspective, the study examines not only the composition of landscape elements but also the internal logic through which these elements are organized into spatial units and further transformed into planning strategies. Taking the ritual architecture site area of Han Chang'an City as a case study, this paper identifies 3×5 categories of anchoring-layering landscape elements across three temporal slices, namely the Han-Xin, Sui-Tang, and modern periods. It summarizes the characteristics of anchorage points and layered spaces in different historical stages, and reveals their logical relationships with planning representations such as spatial function, structure, form, and pattern through overlay analysis. More specifically, the study examines how anchorage points interact with five types of layered spatial elements and how these relationships shape the historical landscape in different periods. The results show that the multi-temporal landscape units of stacked archaeological sites follow a spatial organizational logic that can be summarized as "two-dimensional outward manifestation, macro-relational condensation, and multi-dimensional visual perception". This organizational logic provides a way to understand the process by which material space, cultural meaning, social relations, and economic activities are jointly embedded in the landscape. The study further argues that the historical value of stacked archaeological sites does not lie only in the remains of a single period, but also in the hidden diachronic continuity formed through the repeated stacking and covering of multiple historical landscapes. On this basis, this paper reinterprets integrity and authenticity within the long-term process of dynamic layering, and constructs a conservation system that includes conservation connotations covering the whole period, all organizational elements, and all historical states, a gradual temporal strategy separating conservation from display, and a coordinated coupling mechanism of zoning and control. In practice, it further proposes a zoning approach based on "pattern delimitation and form adjustment", a control approach based on the coupled relationship of shared structural space in historical landscapes, a graded conservation-display approach based on near-far differentiation, and a utilization approach aimed at "deconstructing the gray ground and restoring the green ground". Together, these form a dynamic and coordinated conservation path of "zoning-control-conservation-utilization". This study provides methodological support for conservation planning in the ritual architecture site area of Han Chang'an City and offers a useful reference for the conservation planning and theoretical study of other stacked archaeological sites