钱江源国家公园乡村社区资源传统利用方式及其生态智慧研究——以长虹片区台回山 社区为例

Research on Traditional Utilization Methods and EcologicalWisdom of Rural Community Resources in QianjiangyuanNational Park: Taking Taihuishan Community in ChanghongDistrict as an Example

关键词:  风景园林  国家公园  乡村社区  资源利用方式  传统生态智慧

Key words:  landscape architecture  national park  rural community  resource utilization methods  traditional ecological wisdom

摘要:

研究国家公园社区村民与自然环境长期互动过程中形成的资源传统利用方式及其生态智慧，是构建“人与自然”和谐共生特色的基础。以钱江源国家公 园台回山社区为例，采用空间分析与实地调查相结合的方法分析居民利用水、土、气候等自然资源的特殊方式及生态智慧。结果显示：该社区具有“田居一体” 的空间布局、“房前屋后”的院落共生系统；创造了“Y型台地水网”的社区结构、“竹枧引水”的生活用水模式和“活水养鱼”的鱼塘营造技术；在应对潮湿多 雨的气候过程中，逐渐形成了“坡屋顶”与“二层楼”民居住宅形式，以及“明暗渠结合”的排水设施。系统梳理这一内容有助于实现国家公园资源环境保护与 社区可持续发展，为传统生态智慧在现代资源管理中的应用提供启示。

Abstract:

The study of the traditional resource utilization practices and ecological wisdom formed by the interaction between national park communities and the natural environment is fundamental to building a harmonious coexistence between humans and nature. Taking the Taihui Mountain community in Qianjiangyuan National Park as an example, this research combines spatial analysis and field surveys to analyze the unique ways in which residents utilize natural resources such as water, soil, and climate, as well as the ecological wisdom embedded in their practices. The research reveals that the Taihui Mountain community exhibits a unique spatial layout characterized by a "fieldresidence integration" pattern. This layout reflects the close connection between agriculture and living spaces, with homes integrated within cultivated lands. The community also adopts a "courtyard symbiosis system" that is highly adapted to the local environment, where residential structures are designed to facilitate efficient use of land and resources. Such a design allows for mutual benefits, enhancing both the productivity of agricultural activities and the quality of life for residents.One of the remarkable features of the community's resource utilization is the creation of the "Y-shaped terrace water network". This water system not only optimizes the use of water resources but also prevents soil erosion and provides sustainable irrigation for agricultural lands. Additionally, the "bamboo gutter water diversion" method, which channels water from nearby streams to the homes, is an ingenious technique that ensures a reliable and environmentally friendly water supply for daily life. This traditional water management system reflects the community's deep understanding of water flow patterns and its application for sustainable living. The fishponds in the community are another example of ecological wisdom. The practice of "living water fish farming", where water flows continuously through the fishponds, maintains water quality and supports the growth of aquatic life. This practice ensures a sustainable supply of fish while also enhancing the ecosystem's balance. It showcases the community's knowledge of maintaining aquatic biodiversity through the careful management of water resources. In response to the local humid and rainy climate, the community has developed unique architectural solutions. The "sloped roof" design of houses ensures efficient drainage, preventing water accumulation and reducing the risk of flooding during heavy rainfall. The "two-story house" structure maximizes the use of limited land while providing better ventilation and natural light. These designs reflect the community's adaptive response to environmental challenges, ensuring the sustainability of their living conditions. Furthermore, the integration of "bright and dark channels" in the community's drainage facilities is an innovative approach to managing water runoff. This system employs a combination of open and closed channels to efficiently divert excess water, while also utilizing the dark channels to control water flow in areas prone to flooding. This system, rooted in traditional knowledge, provides a sustainable solution to the community's drainage needs while maintaining the integrity of the natural landscape. By systematically organizing and documenting these practices, this research provides valuable insights into the sustainable relationship between traditional ecological wisdom and modern resource management. The Taihui Mountain community's traditional methods of resource utilization offer a profound understanding of how local knowledge can be integrated into modern environmental conservation strategies. These practices not only contribute to the sustainable development of the community but also provide guidance for the future management of national park resources. This study emphasizes the importance of preserving and applying traditional ecological wisdom in contemporary resource management. It highlights the potential for integrating indigenous knowledge into modern sustainability practices, especially in the context of national parks. As national parks aim to balance conservation efforts with the development of local communities, understanding and incorporating traditional resource utilization methods can foster more effective and sustainable management strategies.