基于适应性理论的生态移民新村振兴的现实困境与整固路径——以宁夏为例

The Realistic Dilemma and Consolidation Path of EcologicalMigration New Village Revitalization Based on the AdaptiveTheory: Taking Ningxia as an Example

关键词:  风景园林  乡村振兴  适应性治理  生态移民新村  宁夏

Key words:  landscape architecture  rural revitalization  adaptive governance  ecological immigrant new village  Ningxia

摘要:

生态移民新村是一种特殊类型的脱贫乡村，兼具脱贫和生态文明建设的双重属性。由于生态移民新村的建设对政府投入有着极高的依赖性，使得移民新 村的生成逻辑被赋予了新的形式与内涵，在外部力量不断注入并大幅提升移民新村发展水平的同时，也蕴含了由于跨越式迁移而导致移民新村高质量人居空间塑 造的现实困境。基于适应性理论循证，解析生态移民新村在脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴衔接过渡中的内在逻辑，以宁夏生态移民新村为例，判识其中存在的问题，包括 振兴就业的匹配性困境、振兴建设的持续性困境与振兴主体的适应性困境，针对性提出以人力资本呈现、“配置+共享”宜居单元建构、治理整体性协同为内容的 新村振兴整固路径，为促进移民新村人居环境高质量延续、助推西北地区乡村从脱贫胜利向振兴有序过渡提供借鉴

Abstract:

Ecological migration is a socio-economic activity organized by the government to relocate villagers from overburdened areas to regions with surplus environmental capacity, aiming to promote coordinated development of "resources-environment-population-economy" and alleviate regional ecological carrying pressure. From the perspective of adaptability theory, the ecological migration implemented in China's "Three West Regions" is both a nationallevel regional collaborative regulation behavior and a macro-scale "adaptive choice". This project not only solves the livelihood issues of the population in impoverished areas but also significantly enhances the level of rural development and the quality of living space. However, ecological migration, as a systematic project involving dual tasks of ecological protection and poverty alleviation and revitalization, gives new forms and connotations to the generation logic of new immigrant villages in small regional scales, which are highly dependent on government investment. Although the continuous injection of external forces has significantly improved the development level of new villages, leapfrog migration has also brought practical dilemmas in shaping high-quality living spaces, such as poor employment transfer, unsustainable allocation, and insufficient individual adaptation, which have become major unstable factors in the revitalization and progress of new immigrant villages. Based on this, this paper, guided by the theory of adaptability, analyzes the inherent logic of the transition from poverty alleviation to rural revitalization in the new villages for ecological immigrants. Taking the new villages for ecological immigrants in Ningxia as an example, it identifies the existing problems, including the matching dilemma of revitalization employment, the sustainability dilemma of revitalization construction, and the adaptability dilemma of revitalization subjects. In response to the above problems, efforts should be made to construct a consolidated path for the revitalization of new villages: centered on the presentation of human capital, enhancing the employment ability and self-development level of immigrants; supported by the construction of "allocation + sharing" livable units, optimizing the efficiency of spatial resource utilization and the accessibility of public services; and guaranteed by the overall coordination of governance, forming a governance pattern with multi-party linkage among the government, community, and immigrants. These paths aim to promote the high-quality continuation of the human living environment in the new villages for ecological immigrants and facilitate the orderly transition from poverty alleviation to rural revitalization in the northwest region