环青海湖地区山水人文空间格局解析及其风景体系建构研究

The Analysis of the Humanistic Spatial Pattern of Mountains and Rivers in the Area around QinghaiLake and the Construction of Its Landscape System

关键词:  风景园林  山水人文空间格局  风景体系  环青海湖地区  视域分析

Key words:  landscape architecture  the spatial pattern of landscape humanism  landscape system  the area around Qinghai Lake  field of view analysis

摘要:

中国本土城市规划注重将城市与山水、人文作为整体统一谋划，在数千年的规划实践过程中积淀形成了优秀的山水人文规划传统，塑造出富有特色的山 水人文空间格局和风景秩序。环青海湖地区位于中国西北部，地处青藏高原北缘，是国家生态建设的重要保护区，具有高原独特的山水人文空间格局。在对环青海 湖地区自然本底条件和人文要素进行传统描述与锚定的基础上，进一步利用GIS对其关键要素进行定量整合与数据分析，测定研究区范围内山水与人文关键要素的 聚集程度，并探究二者之间的耦合关系。通过对环湖城乡聚落营建与山水人文空间格局的系统解析，总结凝练环青海湖地区“一心一轴、四域两峰、环湖八点”的 山水人文空间格局，并基于此进一步挖掘自然资源及人文价值，最终在八景文化及传统风景体系的营造经验的基础上，构建“环青海湖三十六景”风景体系，以期 为研究区旅游发展、人居环境提升及高原地区山水人文空间格局研究和风景体系构建提供借鉴。

Abstract:

The principle of viewing a city as an inseparable and unified entity with its surrounding mountains, waters, environment, and cultural heritage is the fundamental concept of urban planning. This principle requires that all these aspects be carefully coordinated and seamlessly integrated during the planning and layout process. This planning concept, after being gradually accumulated and refined through thousands of years of urban planning practice, has formed a unique and outstanding landscape and a people-oriented planning tradition. This tradition not only creates a spatial pattern where mountains, water, and humanistic elements coexist in harmony, and each has its own regional characteristics, but also establishes a harmonious and orderly landscape order that perfectly matches the natural and cultural background of the area. This holistic approach ensures that the city and its surrounding environment are regarded as a single, interrelated system, promoting sustainability and protecting the integrity of natural and cultural heritage. The area around Qinghai Lake is located in the northwest of China, on the northern edge of the Qinghai- Xizang Plateau, and holds significant ecological and cultural importance. It is an important national ecological reserve, featuring a unique spatial pattern of mountains, water, and cultural heritage, and is highly representative of plateau areas. This region is not only an important habitat for various animals and plants, but also a treasure trove of rich cultural traditions and historical relics, making it the best example of the complex interaction between nature and human activities. Based on the in-depth understanding of traditional descriptions, this research accurately identifies the natural background conditions, such as topography, geomorphology, hydrology, and climate of the Qinghai Lake area, as well as humanistic factors, such as historical relics and rich folk culture, and employs advanced GIS geographic information system technology. This technology can quantitatively integrate and analyze the key elements of the region. Through these technical methods, the spatial distribution and concentration degree of key elements such as mountains, water, and culture within the research area can be identified. The coupling relationship among these elements was deeply explored, especially the mutual influence and complex interaction mechanism between the mountain and water environment and human activities. Through a systematic and detailed analysis of the construction model of urban and rural settlements around Qinghai Lake and its complex connections with the spatial patterns of mountains, water, and culture, the unique spatial pattern of this area is summarized and refined. This pattern can be described as "one core, one axis, four domains, two peaks, and eight points around the lake". "A core" represents the central area of the region, serving as the focus of development and cultural activities. The "one axis" refers to the main development axis that guides the regional spatial organization and connectivity. The "Four Domains" represent four distinct geographical regions, each with its own unique characteristics and functions. The "Twin Peaks" refer to two prominent and significant landscape mountains, which possess considerable ecological and aesthetic value. The "Eight Points Around the Lake" are eight key landscape nodes strategically laid out around the lake. Each node plays a crucial role in the overall spatial structure and offers unique landscape and cultural experiences. On this basis, further explore and refine the natural resources and profound cultural value of the Qinghai Lake area. Ultimately, drawing on the historical experience of cultural construction and the traditional landscape system of the eight major scenic spots, the "Thirty-Six Scenic Spots Around Qinghai Lake" landscape system was successfully constructed. This comprehensive system not only greatly enriches the tourism resources of the Qinghai Lake area but also provides strong support for improving the quality of the local living environment. The research results have significant reference and guiding significance for the study of the spatial pattern of mountains, waters, and human culture in plateau areas and the construction of landscape systems, as well as important theoretical and practical significance. This work emphasizes the importance of incorporating natural and cultural factors into urban planning to ensure respect for and enhance the sustainable and harmonious development of the environment.