数字化遗产景观：江南古典园林增强现实展示重点研究

Digital Heritage Landscape: Research on the Key Issues ofAugmented Reality Presentation of Jiangnan Classical Garden

关键词:  风景园林  江南古典园林  增强现实  遗产展示  片石山房  具身互动

Key words:  landscape architecture  Jiangnan classical garden  augmented reality  heritage presentation  Small-Rock Mountain Retreat  embodied interaction

摘要:

探索古典园林遗产数字化展示的理论和技术体系是高质量发展时期继承中华优秀传统文化、提升文化服务品质的重要基础。从江南古典园林的遗产价值 出发，提出以“景”“象”“意”为核心的古典园林遗产增强现实展示框架(CGHARP)，构建以分层明晰园林遗产增强内容、有效表达园林遗产增强特征、数字 拓展园林遗产具身互动为主体的展示体系，并围绕扬州片石山房园林集成运用价值研究、数字测绘、虚拟仿真、3D打印、数字媒体等手段进行展示实验，识别了 增强现实展示在表现维度、交互方式和体验深度等方面的提升作用，对推动中国园林遗产数字化保护和传播的高质量发展具有重要意义。

Abstract:

This research aims to develop and validate a theoretical framework and technical system for Augmented Reality (AR) digital presentation tailored to Jiangnan classical garden heritage. It addresses the strategic need for innovative cultural inheritance and enhanced public engagement by overcoming bottlenecks in disseminating the complex spatiotemporal and philosophical dimensions of these gardens. The study explores how AR technology can transcend traditional methods to interpret and facilitate immersive perception of their multi-layered values - categorized as "scenes", "imagery", and "artistic conception". The objectives are threefold: 1) to propose a value-centered theoretical framework for AR presentation; 2) to develop and test AR technical solutions using Yangzhou's Small-Rock Mountain Retreat as a case study; 3) to evaluate AR's effects on heritage cognition, expressive efficacy, and embodied interaction, revealing its potential to transform classical garden presentation paradigms. The study adopts a mixed methodology integrating theoretical construction, technical experimentation, and empirical evaluation. First, it synthesizes digital heritage interpretation theories with the value ontology of Jiangnan classical gardens to propose the original Classical Garden Heritage Augmented Reality Presentation (CGHARP) framework. This framework structures AR presentation around three core components: layered content enhancement, validated feature expression, and digitally expanded embodied interaction. Second, the framework is applied to the case of Small-Rock Mountain Retreat, where technologies including 3D scanning, digital modeling, Unity development, projection mapping, and AI dialogue agents are used to create three AR prototypes: a mobile guidebook, a 3D projection device for a physical model, and an interactive situational game. Finally, a controlled experiment with 44 participants compared AR and traditional presentations using questionnaires, spatial mapping, and behavioral observation to evaluate differences in cultural learning, feature expression, and interactive experience. The research results indicate: 1) AR presentation significantly improved understanding across all three layers - "scene", "image", and "artistic conception" - with the most substantial enhancement observed for the "image" layer. This effectively validates AR's unique advantage in visualizing abstract associative features. 2) AR technology, through virtual-real overlay, realtime interaction, and 3D spatial registration, successfully broke through the spatiotemporal limitations of classical garden presentation, making historical stratigraphy, implicit spaces, and associative features perceptible. 3) AR presentation significantly innovated interaction modes, shifting viewers from passive receivers to active explorers. Through "technological embodiment", it deepened integration with traditional static and dynamic viewing touring patterns, enhancing immersion and personalization of the experience. 4) The experiment also revealed challenges faced by current AR applications, including device comfort, high costs of original content creation, quality risks, and the potential for inducing presentation homogenization. The study makes four key contributions. First, it establishes the systematic AR presentation framework for Chinese classical garden heritage, clarifying value-based content selection and embodied interaction design principles. Second, it offers a replicable "value deconstruction - technology integration - experimental verification" methodology for evidence-based digital preservation. Third, the Small-Rock Mountain Retreat case provides a practical blueprint for translating theory into multi-level technical solutions. Fourth, it critically examines AR's potential to expand presentation dimensions and deepen engagement while highlighting risks, shifting focus from technological application to value-led practice. Ultimately, the research argues that the digital future of these gardens depends on profound heritage understanding and "value enhancement" through new scenarios that evoke cognitive and emotional resonance, sustaining their artistic spirit in contemporary culture. The key to successful AR presentation lies in creating "new scenarios" that trigger deep cognition and emotional resonance, thereby activating the contemporary cultural vitality of gardens while continuing their artistic spirit.