基于全信息理论的文化景观遗产基因数据库构建——以“济南泉·城文化景观”申遗 核心区为例

Construction of a Cultural Landscape Heritage Gene DatabaseBased on the Comprehensive Information Theory: A Case Studyof the Core Area of the "Jinan Springs & City Cultural Landscape"World Heritage Nomination

关键词:  风景园林  文化景观基因  全信息理论  LDA主题模型  数据库构建  “济南泉·城文化景观”遗产

Key words:  landscape architecture  cultural landscape gene  comprehensive information theory  LDA topic model  database construction  "Jinan Spring & City Cultural Landscape" heritage

摘要:

在中国文化数字化战略与全面提升文化遗产保护传承水平的双重需求下，文化景观遗产保护面临物质空间与非物质文化之间关联度低的困境。以“济南 泉·城文化景观”世界文化遗产预备项目为例，引入全信息理论，从语法(形态结构)、语义(文化内涵)、语用(功能价值)3个维度构建信息解析框架，实现了86 处遗产点的基因图谱全信息表达，系统构建了申遗核心区文化景观基因数据库。研究结果为“济南泉·城文化景观”的申遗、保护与活态利用提供了数据基础与 决策支持，亦为同类型城市文化景观遗产的数字化管理、系统性保护与创新性传承提供了可借鉴的技术路径与实践案例。

Abstract:

Under the strategic guidance of China's national cultural digitalization initiative and the pressing imperative to comprehensively elevate the standards for the conservation, inheritance, and sustainable development of cultural heritage, cultural landscape heritage-an irreplaceable carrier of urban historical context and humanenvironment interaction-faces a prominent and persistent dilemma in contemporary conservation practice. Specifically, there exists a profound difficulty in systematically constructing an intrinsic, multi-dimensional connection between tangible physical spatial elements (e.g., architectural forms, site layouts, water systems) and intangible cultural dimensions (e.g., traditional practices, local knowledge, social customs, symbolic meanings). This disconnection, which stems from long-standing disciplinary and methodological fragmentation, has severely hindered the accurate interpretation, holistic preservation, and effective transmission of cultural landscape heritage. Moreover, it has created significant gaps in digital documentation and systematic management, thereby impeding the realization of the heritage's full cultural, social, and economic value. Against this critical background, this study selects the "Jinan Spring & City Cultural Landscape" as a typical and representative case. This heritage property, a key project on China's World Cultural Heritage Tentative List, is renowned for its unique integration of spring water systems, historical urban spatial patterns, and living cultural traditions that have persisted for centuries. The case offers an ideal opportunity to explore how digital technologies can bridge the tangible-intangible divide in complex urban cultural landscapes. To address the identified dilemma, the study introduces the comprehensive information theory (also known as fullinformation theory), a robust theoretical framework originally developed in information science that emphasizes the integrity of information expression and transmission across three fundamental dimensions: syntax (form/structure), semantics (meaning/ content), and pragmatics (use/context). Adapting this framework to heritage research, the study establishes a refined three-dimensional analytical model specifically designed for cultural landscape gene analysis. The syntactic layer addresses morphological structures-spatial configurations, geometric forms, and material composition of heritage sites. The semantic layer concerns cultural connotationshistorical narratives, symbolic meanings, and community values embedded in the landscape. The pragmatic layer focuses on functional value-the practical uses, socioeconomic roles, and dynamic processes of human-land interaction. This multilayered framework enables the in-depth deconstruction, systematic classification, and integrated representation of core heritage attributes, effectively breaking through the traditional separation of tangible and intangible components that has long characterized heritage research. Through rigorous data collection-including archival research, field surveys, GPS mapping, photographic documentation, and semi-structured interviews with local communities and experts-and interdisciplinary analysis integrating heritage studies, information science, and urban geography, the research achieves a comprehensive full-information expression of the genetic profile for 86 individual heritage sites within the core nomination area. These sites range from natural spring outlets and ancient canals to traditional neighborhoods, commemorative structures, and intangible cultural practices such as spring-related folk rituals and water management knowledge. For each site, the study captures structural characteristics, cultural roots, and practical values in a unified digital form. Furthermore, the research systematically constructs a specialized cultural landscape gene database for the core nomination area. The database integrates multi-source spatial and attribute data, adopts a standardized hierarchical classification system based on the three-dimensional information framework, and incorporates visual expression tools (e.g., GIS-based thematic maps, 3D models, and interactive charts) to form a solid digital foundation for heritage management. The database supports query, analysis, and visualization functions, enabling heritage managers to explore both tangible and intangible dimensions in an integrated manner. The findings of this study provide, first, a reliable data foundation, scientific methodological support, and effective decision-making reference for the World Heritage nomination, targeted conservation, and dynamic sustainable utilization of the "Jinan Spring & City Cultural Landscape". Second, the study explores a replicable and operable technical pathway-from theoretical framework to database construction-along with a practical case that demonstrates its feasibility. This research thus contributes valuable insights for the digital management, systematic protection, and innovative inheritance of similar urban cultural landscape heritage both domestically and internationally. It actively promotes the integration of digital technology with cultural heritage conservation, offering a pragmatic response to the challenges of modern heritage preservation and transmission in an era of rapid urbanization and digital transformation.