地标型城市历史风景的视点发掘、修复与管控研究—— 以“鹤楼晴眺”为例

Research on the Discovery, Restoration and Control of Viewpoints for Historic Landscapes of UrbanLandmarks: A Case Study of "Yellow Crane Tower View on a Clear Day"

关键词:  风景园林  城市历史风景  地标型风景  视线修复与管控  天台眺望

Key words:  landscape architecture  urban historic landscape  landmark landscape  sightline restoration and control  rooftop viewing

摘要:

地标型城市历史风景历来是城市空间的精华。然而，在当代城市高速发展背景下，普遍陷入视线遮挡、高楼围观、环境“骚扰”困境。据此，以武汉最 具代表性的地标型城市历史风景——“鹤楼晴眺”为例，结合社会对观黄鹤楼潜在视点发掘的旺盛需求，在综合国内外眺望风景管控理论与方法的基础上，探讨 狭域与广域结合的地标型历史风景修复与管控方法。通过数字识别与实地调研，发掘黄鹤楼周边的潜在视点，归结出广场绿化、公共道路、建筑天台3种潜在眺望 观景类型，并选择各类典型之一的首义广场、黄鹤楼南路、环黄鹤楼高层建筑群为研究对象，诊断其眺望问题；针对性探讨了基于视线保护与修复的地标型历史 风景相应的绿化限高与更新、视景廊道修复、天台活化利用3类典型地标空间的视线修复与管控方法。对中国同类地标型城市风景的保护性修复、更新与管控具有 方法论价值，提出的“天台眺望与低空运营”拓展了地标型城市历史风景的观景模式与价值维度，还冀望为以眺望为核心价值的地标型城市风景遗产的保护传承 产生积极示范意义

Abstract:

Landmark urban historic landscapes have always been the essence of urban spatial value. However, under the background of rapid contemporary urban development, they generally fall into dilemmas such as obstructed sightlines, high-rise building encirclement, and environmental "disturbance". Accordingly, taking "Yellow Crane Tower View on a Clear Day" - the most representative landmark urban historic landscape in Wuhan - as a case study, combined with the strong social demand for the exploration of potential viewing sites of the Yellow Crane Tower, this paper discusses the methods for restoration and control of landmark historic landscapes by combining narrowscale and wide-scale analysis based on integrating domestic and international theories and methods of landscape view control. Through comprehensive digital spatial identification and in-depth field investigation, potential viewpoints around the Yellow Crane Tower are identified, and three types of potential viewing landscapes are summarized: square green spaces, public roads, and building rooftops. For each type, typical examples - Shouyi Square, South Huanghelou Road, and high-rise building clusters surrounding the Yellow Crane Tower - are selected as the key research objects to diagnose the existing viewing problems and clarify the core obstacles affecting the viewing experience. On this basis, targeted discussions are conducted on three typical view restoration and control methods for landmark spaces based on view protection and restoration: scientific height restriction and ecological renewal of greenery, which aims to eliminate sightline obstacles caused by overgrown plants; systematic restoration of visual corridors, which focuses on clearing physical obstructions caused by municipal facilities in viewing paths, and ensuring the unobstructedness and continuity of views from potential viewpoints to the landmark; and adaptive reuse of rooftops, which is designed to tap new viewing potential. This not only effectively expands the viewing scope and enriches the experience of viewing the landmark, but also realizes the multi-functional reuse of urban rooftop resources, giving full play to the comprehensive value of spatial resources. This paper provides methodological references for the protective restoration, renewal, and management of similar landmark urban landscapes in China. The proposed "rooftop sightseeing and low-altitude operation" expands the viewing patterns and value dimensions of landmark urban historic landscapes and provides a feasible new model for the rational utilization of landmark landscape resources. It is also expected to provide positive exemplary significance for the preservation and inheritance of landmark urban landscape heritage centered on scenic views. The conceptual scenarios of rooftop sightseeing and low-altitude operation derived from the sightseeing utilization of landmark urban historic landscapes in this paper possess tremendous potential value for the sharing and development of urban landscape viewing resources. Meanwhile, the commercial utilization of rooftop spaces and the top areas of high-rise buildings driven by such scenarios will have a disruptive impact on the conventional proximity-dependent commercial development model. A host of emerging industrial development opportunities generated therefrom, including rooftop and high-rise property leasing, rooftop commercial and leisure services, as well as rooftop food delivery services, will bring about a revolution in urban leisure industries and their business models. The findings herein enlighten the development of the rooftop economy and also indicate a clear research direction for subsequent in-depth academic exploration.