基于类型学的中国园林曲水流觞空间形态特征研究

Research on Spatial Morphology Characteristics of Curved Brook for Drinking and Poetry in ChineseGarden Based on the Typology Theory

关键词:  风景园林  曲水流觞  空间形态  类型学  园林文化

Key words:  landscape architecture  Curved Brook for Drinking and Poetry  spatial morphology  typology theory  garden culture

摘要:

：“曲水流觞”是中国传统园林中一种与节日、诗作、书法等密切相关的多样化、程式化空间形态模式，是承载着人民对美好生活向往的宝贵历史文化资 源，是可以在现代城市建设中创造性转化和创新性传承的文化元素。当前研究多聚焦于文史、个案和文化内涵，缺乏整体性、系统性、类型性的研究，不利于把握 曲水流觞在全时间、全地域范围内的时空演变和整体类型特征。因此，将利用类型学理论，通过文献和案例研究，全面搜集古今“曲水流觞”案例，系统分析其时 空分布状态，归纳曲水流觞的不同空间形态和流线形状的类型和特征，并深入挖掘其文化内涵，为中国传统园林文化的传承发展提供基础支撑。

Abstract:

"Curved Brook for Drinking and Poetry", a diversified and stylized spatial morphology pattern in traditional Chinese gardens that closely related to festivals, poetry, calligraphy, and so on, is not only a precious historical and cultural resource that carries people's yearning for a better life, but also a cultural element that can be creatively transformed and innovatively inherited in modern urban and architectural design. However, current researchers mostly focus on literature, history, individual cases, and cultural connotations, instead of the comprehensive, systematicness, and typological ones, leading to the difficulties of grasping the spatiotemporal change relationship and the overall spatial morphological characteristics of the "Curved Brook for Drinking and Poetry" throughout the full-time and across all regions. Therefore, based on Typology theory and incorporating the spatial analysis approach of architectural typology, this study systematically examines a total of 60 case samples with clearly identifiable spatial forms from both domestic and international contexts. Utilizing diachronic and synchronic analytical methods, it aims to delve into the typological characteristics, evolutionary patterns, and influencing factors of the spatial form of "Curved Brook for Drinking and Poetry". The study begins by elucidating the concept and historical evolution of "Curved Brook for Drinking and Poetry". It then proceeds to a typological categorization of the samples: firstly, based on the spatial relationship with the environment, identifying seven spatial types of curves: self-flowing, palace-interior, square, building-adjacent, pavilion-interior, courtyard-centered, and tabletop. Secondly, based on the flow path shape of the water channel, it abstracts three major categories: meandering curve type, enclosed curve type, and symbolic pattern type. Analysis of geographical distribution reveals a multi-nodal agglomeration pattern. Cases in northern China are mostly concentrated in capital regions, predominantly featuring the pavilion-interior curve and enclosed curve type, with forms tending towards abstraction and miniaturization. In contrast, cases in southern China are more commonly found in areas renowned for natural landscapes and literati gardens, primarily characterized by the self-flowing curve, square curve, and symbolic pattern type, exhibiting more natural charm and symbolic meaning. Finally, the study deeply analyzes the factors influencing the evolution of the spatial form. It focuses on analyzing in detail the cultural symbolism of the water channel shapes, categorizing them into pictographic meaning-symbolizing patterns and calligraphic-character-inspired patterns, and reveals the close integration of its artistic quality and cultural connotation. Simultaneously, it notes that the usage mode evolved from large-scale natural streams to medium-scale ornamental focal points within garden architecture, and further to the enhanced entertainment value of small-scale tabletop games, demonstrating functional adaptability. The user base also expanded from royalty and nobility to literati, scholars, and eventually the general public, showcasing its robust vitality and cultural inclusivity. The conclusion asserts that the essence of the "Curved Brook for Drinking and Poetry" spatial form lies in the flexible adaptation of its external physical form to the environment and the continuous transmission of its intrinsic cultural spirit. Through typological diagrammatic abstraction, this study systematically reveals the diversity of its spatial and formal types. This provides theoretical support for understanding the deep structure and cultural logic of "Curved Brook for Drinking and Poetry", contributing to the innovative inheritance and development of this traditional garden culture in the contemporary era, enabling it to maintain continued vitality through the integration of tradition and modernity.