环境-感知”一体化的高强度商务区步行空间设计研究——长三角城市的实证探索

Integrated Environment-Perception Approach to Pedestrian Space Design in High-Intensity Business Districts: An Empirical Exploration in Yangtze River Delta Cities

关键词:  风景园林  高强度商务区  设计模式  环境测度  步行空间  感知评价

Key words:  landscape architecture  high-intensity business district  design pattern  spatial measurement  pedestrian environment  perception evaluation

摘要:

高强度商务区因空间要素复杂、功能高度复合，其步行空间在通达性、舒适性与服务支持等方面面临多重挑战。选取长三角地区4个具有不同设计模式 的高强度商务区，从步行便捷、景观舒适、服务支持和安全保障4个维度构建环境测度体系，运用客观空间测度方法并结合问卷与访谈开展主观感知评价，识别各 设计模式塑造的空间环境特征及其体验表现。通过构建“环境-感知”叠合分析框架，揭示设计模式主导的空间组织逻辑对步行感知的综合影响。结果显示，不同 模式下环境与感知效应存在趋同或错位分异特征，物质环境的量化优势并不必然转化为感知优势。高强度商务区步行空间的品质提升，应立足既有设计模式，基 于其空间组织逻辑协调环境设计要素，弥补结构短板，增强行人感知体验

Abstract:

As cities continue to evolve toward higher development intensity and functional complexity, understanding how spatial environments influence pedestrian experience is essential to shaping livable and inclusive urban districts. High-intensity business districts, characterized by compact development and concentrated public services, face persistent challenges in walkability, particularly regarding accessibility, environmental comfort, service provision, and safety. While previous studies have examined either morphological attributes or subjective perceptions in isolation, few have attempted to integrate the two systematically to reveal how objective environments align, or misalign with user experience. This study addresses this gap by examining how different design patterns shape both the environmental features of pedestrian spaces and users' subjective perceptions, thereby offering an integrated "environment-perception" perspective. Four representative high-intensity business districts in the Yangtze River Delta, each approximately 0.5 km2 in area with a floor area ratio exceeding 3.5, were selected to capture distinct spatial configurations: the double-level base (Shanghai West Bund Media Port), the inter-floor corridor (Hangzhou European-American Financial City), the pedestrian-vehicle separation (Ningbo Southern Business District), and the ground-based layout (Nanjing Hexi Central Business District). These cases were chosen not only for their scale comparability but also for their diversity in design logic and functional clustering, which together provide a robust basis for typological comparison. Pedestrian environments were evaluated across four dimensions - walking convenience, landscape comfort, service support, and safety assurance - using a mixed-method approach that combined objective spatial metrics with subjective perception assessments. Objective indicators included GIS-based spatial network measures (e.g., connectivity, centrality), semantic segmentation of street-view imagery to quantify greenery, color diversity, and field-based surveys of supporting facilities. Subjective data were collected through questionnaires and interviews with 120 respondents across different age groups and genders. Reliability analysis confirmed strong internal consistency of perception data, and statistical tests such as MANOVA and ANOVA were employed to assess differences across groups and validate effect sizes. An environment-perception integration framework was developed to identify both alignment and mismatches between measured spatial features and reported experiences. Results reveal that although certain design patterns excelled in maintaining physical connectivity and improving environmental performance, high objective scores did not consistently correspond to high perception ratings. In some cases, districts with dense pedestrian networks received low comfort or safety evaluations due to limited openness, discontinuous interfaces, or weak separation from traffic. Conversely, some spaces with modest environmental metrics still achieved relatively positive perception outcomes, suggesting the influence of contextual and behavioral factors beyond quantifiable design variables. These findings highlight two critical insights. First, improvements in a single spatial dimension are insufficient; pedestrian satisfaction emerges from the synergistic interplay of spatial structure, functional provision, and human perception. Second, mismatches between environmental metrics and perception outcomes underscore the need for planning strategies that move beyond physical optimization to incorporate user-centered perspectives. The study concludes that optimization strategies should be tailored to the intrinsic logic of each design pattern while addressing their specific shortcomings. Recommended interventions include enhancing vertical linkages and microclimatic conditions in double-level bases, ensuring circulation continuity and permeability in corridor systems, reinforcing safety and wayfinding infrastructure in separated-flow models, and diversifying functions and supporting amenities in ground-based layouts. By integrating quantitative spatial analysis with perceptual insights, this empirical study advances methodological approaches to evaluating walkability in complex urban contexts. It not only demonstrates the value of environment-perception alignment for enhancing pedestrian experience, but also provides actionable evidence for planners and designers seeking to develop business districts that are accessible, comfortable, safe, and socially engaging. In doing so, the research contributes to broader debates on human-centered urban design and offers a transferable framework applicable to other high-intensity urban districts worldwide