手植枇杷已成荫：佟裕哲的3个学术切面及中国地景文化的学术传薪

Hand-planted Loquats are Blossoming: The Three Academic Dimensions of Tong Yuzhe and theScholarly Legacy of Chinese Landscape Cultur+J55:U55e

关键词:  关 键 词：风景园林  学术史  佟裕哲  中国地景文化  西北地景文化空间圈层

Key words:  landscape architecture  academic history  Tong Yuzhe  Chinese landscape culture  landscape culture spatial circles in Northwest China

摘要:

《中国风景园林学学科史》分梳了不同学术界域内的知识脉络和学术传承，启发各学术分野对自身学术史的进一步整理。从佟裕哲先生治学的系谱中择 取3个典型切面展示其学术关键点：1)学术研究中的“地方性”取径；2)风景名胜地重视“地形”与“形胜”的历史传统；3)汉、唐掇山的基础范式与可能性还 原。在学术薪传方面，指出《中国地景文化史纲图说》是最能集中体现他学术立场的撰著，其中架设的问题框架为中国地景文化研究的薪传与深入提供了思路。

Abstract:

The History of Chinese Landscape Architecture (《中国风景园林学 学科史》) has sorted out the intellectual lineage and academic inheritance of different academic fields, and inspired each academic field to further organize its own academic history. From the genealogy of Mr. Tong Yuzhe (佟裕哲) three typical facets are chosen to show the key points of his scholarship: 1) The Distinct "Local" Trajectory in Academic Research: Mr. Tong Yuzhe's scholarship is profoundly marked by a consistent and deliberate "local" orientation. This defining path can be traced back to his foundational work, "Investigation into the Local Styles of Chinese Gardens" ("中国园林地方风格考"), which served not merely as an initial academic endeavor but crucially as the intellectual pivot steering his entire career towards the profound exploration of regional garden styles. This commitment manifested most significantly in his lifelong dedication to the meticulous field investigation and exhaustive documentary research concerning historical gardens within Shaanxi Province and the broader Northwest region of China. His work in this area established a model for understanding landscape architecture through deeply contextualized, place-based studies, emphasizing the unique environmental, cultural, and historical factors shaping regional expressions. 2) Valuing "Terrain" (地形, Di Xing) and "Landscape Superiority" (形胜, Xing Sheng) in the Historical Tradition of Scenic and Historic Sites: The concept of "Scenic and Historic Sites" (风景名胜区) is recognized within Tong's framework as a uniquely Chinese designation possessing both strong indigenous characteristics and significant academic inclusivity. This term inherently encapsulates the dynamic interplay and sometimes tension between imported theoretical concepts and enduring traditional Chinese thought systems pertaining to landscape appreciation and site selection. It reflects a conscious academic vigilance and self-awareness within Chinese scholarship when confronting external theoretical influences. Operating within this critical academic premise, Tong Yuzhe engaged in a rigorous historical reconstruction of the traditions underpinning Chinese scenic sites. He achieved this through meticulous reliance on historical precedents and exhaustive textual research. His scholarship powerfully reaffirmed and elucidated the profound historical tradition within these sites of prioritizing an intimate understanding and strategic utilization of "Terrain" (Di Xing, 地形) and the concept of "Landscape Superiority" (Xing Sheng, 形胜) – the inherent strategic and aesthetic excellence of a landscape configuration. This emphasis highlights the sophisticated geomantic and aesthetic principles historically guiding the identification, development, and appreciation of significant landscapes in China. 3) Restoring the Basic Paradigm and Possibilities of Rockery Piling/Rock Arrangement (Duo Shan/Zu Shi, 掇 山/组石) in the Han and Tang Dynasties: The practices of constructing Rockery Piling and Rock Arranging during the influential Han (206 BC-220 AD) and Tang (618-907 AD) dynasties present a significant challenge to historians. While frequently mentioned in historical literature, tangible physical evidence surviving from these periods remains exceptionally scarce. Consequently, the historical accounts describing the practice of "constructing mountains with rocks" (Gou Shi Wei Shan, 构石为山) have often been relegated to the status of a persistent "historiographical conundrum" or "technical myth" within the history of Chinese garden technology, acknowledged but poorly understood in practical terms. To address this scholarly impasse, Tong Yuzhe pioneered an approach combining "knowledge archaeology" – the critical excavation and interpretation of historical knowledge systems – with practical experimentation and insights derived from rockery construction. Through this innovative methodology, he ventured beyond mere textual analysis to explore the fundamental design principles, construction techniques, and aesthetic intentions that likely characterized Han and Tang Duo Shan. His work represents a bold scholarly effort towards a plausible "restoration of possibilities", offering reasoned hypotheses about the forms, scales, materials, and symbolic meanings these early artificial landscapes might have embodied, thus demystifying this crucial chapter in Chinese landscape architectural history. In terms of scholarship and transmission, it is pointed out that An Illustrated Outline History of Chinese Landscape Culture (《中国地景文化史纲图说》) is the most concentrated work that reflects his academic stance, in which the framework of the issues set up provides academic trails and paths for the transmission and deepening of the study of Chinese Landscape Culture (中国地 景文化).