大运河杭州段文化景观空间图式语言研究

Research on the Schematic Language of Cultural Landscape Space of Hangzhou Section of the GrandCanal

关键词:  风景园林  大运河(杭州段)  文化景观  图式语言  动态更新

Key words:  landscape architecture  the Grand Canal (Hangzhou Section)  cultural landscape  schematic language  dynamic renewal

摘要:

在世界文化遗产保护领域，中国大运河自2014年成功列入《世界遗产名录》后，便进入了“后申遗时代”的关键发展阶段。聚焦于“后申遗时代”第 一个“十年期”这一特殊时间节点，以系统性、前瞻性的视角，深入解析了遗产本体的文脉架构，探讨了大运河遗产保护的问题矛盾、理论方法和有效措施。通 过实地调研、文献分析及跨学科理论整合，总结出目前大运河遗产保护的3类特殊性矛盾。1)物质空间和文化信息的动态矛盾。2)上位决策与民众参与的立场矛 盾。3)规划解构与空间建构的实践矛盾。由此，提出文化景观空间“图式语言”的研究策略。以大运河杭州段为研究对象，针对性地分析了其历史空间语境，并 以50组运河切片为样本进行归类整理。基于此，建构了“运河图式语言”的基础体系框架，核心包括3个方面。1)字法：以水工遗产要素为核心的3种基本图式 类型。2)词法：显性空间图式的组织内容，包含组织逻辑，3种空间图式单元和对应特征的有机演进方式。3)句法：隐性句式语义的3项平衡原则。文末针对运河 图式语言体系更新进行了设计反思，并对未来图式语言的动态发展和实践困难进行了拓展讨论。研究方法和结果有助于优化当前大运河遗产保护工作，为自然环 境、城市规划和景观建筑空间的设计者和使用者搭建一座沟通和相互协作的桥梁。

Abstract:

Against the backdrop of the accelerated advancement of globalization and modernization, protecting world cultural heritage has become a core issue of common concern in the international academic community and practical fields. As the world's longest-running and largest artificial canal system in terms of spatial span, the Grand Canal of China has officially entered the "post- World Heritage application era" since it was successfully inscribed on the World Heritage List in 2014. Focusing on the special time node of the first "decade period" in the "post-heritage declaration era", this paper deeply analyzes the context architecture of the heritage itself and studies. It discusses the contradictions, theoretical methods, and practical measures of the Grand Canal heritage protection from a systematic and forward-looking perspective. Through field research, literature analysis, and interdisciplinary theoretical integration, the author summarizes three types of special contradictions in the current protection of the Grand Canal heritage, which include: 1) the dynamic contradiction between material space and cultural information; 2) the standpoint contradiction between top-level decision-making and public participation; and 3) the practical contradiction between planning deconstruction and spatial construction. Based on this, the author proposes a research strategy of "schematic language" for cultural landscape space. Taking the Hangzhou section of the Grand Canal as the research object, the paper conducts a targeted analysis of its historical spatial context. It classifies 50 groups of canal sections as samples. Based on this, the paper constructs the basic system framework of the "canal schematic language," whose core includes: 1) Graphology: three basic schematic types centered on hydraulic heritage elements; 2) Morphology: the organizational content of explicit spatial schemas, including organizational logic, three spatial schema units, and the organic evolution mode of corresponding characteristics; 3) Syntax: three balancing principles of implicit syntactic semantics. In the end, the author reflects on the design for updating the canal schematic language system and expands discussions on the dynamic development and practical challenges of the schematic language in the future. The methods and results of this study can help optimize the current protection work of the Grand Canal heritage and build a bridge for communication and collaboration among designers and users of natural environments, urban planning, and landscape architectural spaces. Intervening in the research on the Grand Canal project with "schema" is an effective method to guide practical design and planning evaluation systems by theoretically generalizing real-world elements. The article's key contributions are as follows: 1) It conducts a specific schema analysis of the Hangzhou section of the Grand Canal, extracting schema design elements and tools. According to the heritage protection scope defined in the superior planning, 50 "canal slices" groups are used to classify and extract typical schema elements and locally summarize diverse combination types. Through this method, the characteristic elements of each section of the Grand Canal in China can be gradually interpreted, and the tools for Grand Canal protection and renewal can be summarized. 2) It simplifies the schema research framework. Based on the landscape schema theoretical structure in the review, the author streamlined the schema framework for the Hangzhou section, making it more directly applicable to spatial practice, planning guidance, and comprehensive evaluation. 3) Through schema intentional perception, it provides a reverse evaluation perspective. Two-way participation and feedback ensure joint decision-making among planners, constructors, and users to study the Grand Canal protection and renewal strategies. The study of schema is a process of reverse disassembly and reconstruction. For the schema language itself, in order to make it more objectively and accurately reflect the characteristics and laws of the canal space system, more scientific, intelligent, and dynamic verification methods are needed. The current schema induction for canal heritage still belongs to a post-hoc interpretation method. It needs to rely on the innovation of image expression, the accumulation of relevant data, the improvement of type topology, and the carrying out of real-time evaluation and other work. Overall, the study of "schema language" has forward-looking significance for future protection, inheritance, and coordinated development with cities of canal heritage and provides strong theoretical and technical support for the sustainable development of the Grand Canal.