澳大利亚国家公园游憩设施的绿色营造及其中国启示研究——以沃尔波尔-诺纳拉普 国家公园和托蒂拉普国家公园为例

Green Construction of Recreation Facilities in Australian National Parks and Its Implications for China: Taking Walpole-Nornalup National Park and Torndirrup National Park as Examples

关键词:  风景园林  国家公园  游憩设施  绿色营造  澳大利亚

Key words:  landscape architecture  national park  recreational facilities  green creation  Australia

摘要:

国家公园生态保护与游憩活动之间存在天然冲突。游憩设施的绿色营造是缓解冲突和实现中国国家公园建设目标的关键途径。澳大利亚国家公园游憩发 展历史悠久，游憩设施建设相对成熟，游憩类型多样并兼顾生态与体验。通过对其游憩资源、游憩设施建设的实地调查，结合文献调研和案例分析方法，分析澳 大利亚2个国家公园的游憩设施建设理念、游憩线路规划、创新设计方法和绿色营造技术，总结其游憩设施绿色营造的基本原则、具体方法与主要特色。提出中国 国家公园游憩设施的绿色营造应挖掘传统游憩理念对游憩质量提升的引领作用，采用游憩设施绿色营造途径平衡游憩利用与生态保护，强化景观创新设计对游憩 设施发展的导向作用，并充分利用游憩设施的绿色营造促进中国国家公园生态产品的价值实现

Abstract:

There exists an inherent conflict between ecological conservation and recreational activities within national parks. The green construction of recreational facilities is a crucial means to mitigate this contradiction and to advance the overarching objectives of China's national park system. Australia, with its extensive experience in national park management, has developed a comprehensive and mature system for recreational infrastructure. Its recreational facilities exhibit a diversity of types and functions, effectively balancing ecological protection with high-quality visitor experiences. Based on field investigations of recreational resources and facility development in two representative Australian national parks, this study - through the integration of literature review and case analysis - explores their guiding philosophies in facility planning, the spatial organization of recreational routes, the application of innovative design strategies, and the implementation of sustainable construction techniques. The research summarizes the fundamental principles, technical methods, and distinctive characteristics of green recreational facility development in the Australian context. Drawing upon these findings, the paper argues that green construction of recreational facilities in China's national parks should emphasize the cultural and ecological values embedded in traditional Chinese recreation concepts, which can play a significant role in enhancing the quality of recreational experiences. Moreover, it is proposed that green building practices should be employed to reconcile the dual objectives of recreational use and ecological protection. Emphasis should also be placed on the leading role of landscape innovation in facility design, and the potential of green recreational infrastructure to contribute to the realization of the ecological product value of national parks in China. This approach will provide theoretical guidance and practical references for the sustainable development of recreational spaces in China's protected areas.