社会结构变迁视角下山地乡村公共空间“继替”特征与规律研究——以重庆李子村 为例

Study of the Characteristics and Laws of "Succession-Substitution" of Public Spaces in Mountainous Villages from the Perspective of Social Structural Changes: A Case Study of Lizi Village, Chongqing

关键词:  风景园林  社会结构  山地乡村公共空间  “继替”

Key words:  landscape architecture  social structure  mountainous rural public space  "succession-substitution"

摘要:

社会结构变迁势必引发乡村公共空间的演化与更替。当前，伴随乡村振兴等政策的逐步实施，乡村公共空间正迎来新一轮的迭代。选取重庆市黔江区太 极镇李子村为研究对象，通过档案研究、田野考察、落户访谈等方法收集质性数据，深入探讨社会结构变迁下的山地乡村公共空间“继替”。首先，对研究对象 中华人民共和国成立前期、社会主义革命和建设阶段、改革开放和社会主义现代化阶段、新时代中国特色社会主义阶段4个时期的公共空间历史变迁路径进行梳 理；其次，从历时性与共时性2个角度总结李子村日常生活类、生产服务类、信仰文化类、休闲娱乐类4类公共空间的“继替”特征；最后，总结山地乡村公共空 间“继替”规律。结果表明：1)“继替”是当代山地乡村公共空间建设的指导谱系；2)传统聚落空间布局在山地乡村公共空间体系演替中起到决定性作用，其公 共空间的“极核”在社会结构转变过程中具有高度适应性；3)乡村文化传承与转译是乡村公共空间“乡村性”展现的重要载体。希冀为当前因地制宜打造乡村公 共空间，挖掘空间历史文脉提供新的视角和参考依据。

Abstract:

The process of Succession-Substitution represents the social metabolism of rural communities, where transformations in social structure inevitably lead to the evolution and replacement of rural public space. As spatial aggregates formed by villagers' everyday activities such as residence, consumption, and leisure, rural public spaces continuously reflect the intertwined influence of social institutions, economic structures, and value systems. With the progressive implementation of policies such as rural revitalization, rural public spaces are entering a new phase of transformation. The Succession-Substitution unfolding within them reveals a pluralistic and spatially significant picture of temporal change, bearing witness to both the disintegration and regeneration of rural social relations — an essential component of the urbanization process. The paper takes Li Zi Village in Taiji Town, Qianjiang District, Chongqing Municipality, as a case study. Through qualitative research methods, including archival studies, field investigations, and in-depth interviews with resident households, data is collected to explore the Succession-Substitution of public space in mountainous rural areas under shifting social structures. The research first traces the historical evolution of public spaces across four distinct periods: the early post-founding period of the People's Republic of China, the socialist revolution and construction period, the reform and socialist modernization era, and the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Each of these periods introduces distinct dynamics that shape the development of rural public spaces, reflecting broader societal transformations. Next, the study analyzes Succession-Substitution from both diachronic (historical) and synchronic (contemporary) perspectives. It summarizes the Succession-Substitution characteristics of four categories of public space in Li Zi Village: everyday life spaces, production service spaces, belief and cultural spaces, and leisure and entertainment spaces. The research identifies how these spaces evolve through cycles of renewal, adaptation, and transformation in response to changing societal needs, technological advancements, and evolving cultural practices. By examining the characteristics of each type of public space, the study provides insights into how rural public spaces function as dynamic sites of social interaction, cultural continuity, and community building. Finally, the study distills general patterns of Succession-Substitution in mountainous rural public spaces. The findings reveal several key trends: 1) The public space types in Li Zi Village are essentially complete, integrating with the surrounding natural and cultural landscapes. Ecological elements such as the "Baiguo Sacred Tree" and the "Riverbank," production elements like the "Smoking Room", "Long Cave", "Market", and "Farmlands", and cultural elements such as the "Golden Chicken Temple" all contribute to a spatial system that embodies the village's historical and cultural continuity. In the early stages of development, these spaces already formed a coherent system — "Mountain, Water, Forest, Farmland, Housing, Production, Market, and Temple". As the village progressed, rural public spaces evolved through a process of spatial-functional inheritance, transforming into more diversified and differentiated public spaces. The spatial patterns reflected by Succession-Substitution thus provide a guiding framework for contemporary public space construction in mountainous rural areas. 2) In traditional mountainous rural areas, site selection is deeply influenced by natural factors, such as minimizing natural disasters and optimizing agricultural production. This agricultural dependence on land shaped the spatial relationships of the community. Once established, these spatial settlements are highly adaptive and rarely experience significant changes; rather, they enter a slow, sustainable process of evolution. Thus, the spatial layout of traditional settlements plays a decisive role in the evolution of rural public space systems. The "core" of these spaces exhibits high adaptability during social transitions. 3) The inheritance and translation of rural culture serve as crucial vehicles for expressing the "rurality" of rural public spaces. By re-establishing connections with historically significant public spaces and integrating new cultural public services, rural public spaces regenerate the interaction between space and users. Through cultural continuation and reinterpretation, these spaces adapt to evolving rural social systems, redefine the core and boundaries of rural cultural contexts, and facilitate sustainable cultural development. This study aims to offer a new perspective and reference for the place-based construction of rural public space and the excavation of spatial historical context