“邻避”还是“迎臂”？环卫基础设施的区域协同再生路径——以重庆市为例

landscape architecture; sanitation infrastructure; brownfield regeneration; NIMBY effect; urban renewal; environmental friendliness; regeneration priority decisionmaking road

关键词:  风景园林  环卫基础设施  棕地再生  邻避效应  城市更新  环境友好  再生优先级决策路径

Key words:  landscape architecture  sanitation infrastructure  brownfield regeneration  NIMBY effect  urban renewal  environmental friendliness  regeneration priority decisionmaking road

摘要:

在满足垃圾无害化收运处置要求的基础上，重构环卫基础设施与城市环境的空间友好关系，实现从“邻避”到“迎臂”的转变，已成为当代城市更新进 程中的重要实践方向。随着中国城市发展进入存量更新阶段，传统的单一设施更新模式已难以适应区域环境协同治理的需求，亟待构建面向城市环卫系统的协同 再生决策路径。提出“D-E-R三步法”再生决策路径，并以重庆市中心城区为实证对象展开研究。首先，通过整合多源数据，建立环卫基础设施(生活垃圾填埋 场、焚烧厂与转运站)数据库(D，Database)；其次，根据环卫基础设施现状及其环境特征，定性评估环境友好度(E, Environmental-Friendliness)，筛选出 有必要治理改造的潜在再生对象；最后，通过构建基于层次分析法(AHP)的综合评价指标体系，从“设施运维状态”“地缘敏感性”与“公众感知度”3个维度 进行再生潜力评价(R，Regeneration-Potential)，形成区域再生优先级的定量排序，为协同再生实践提供决策依据。研究表明，重庆市中心城区31座环卫基础 设施的环境友好度呈现“中低水平设施城区集中、高水平设施郊区分散”的空间分布特征，其中26座设施(占比约83.9%)环境友好度不足，成为潜在再生对象。 其再生潜力呈现“城区转运站主导、近郊填埋场优先”的空间分布特征，其中12座设施(占比约38.7%)具有高再生潜力，建议进行治理改造。研究成果突破“点 状更新”局限，提出“系统治理”范式，旨在系统化缓解城市环卫设施的“邻避”影响，并探索创造“迎臂”效应的路径，为推动“无废城市”与美丽中国建设 提供科学决策支持。

Abstract:

Reconstructing an environmentally friendly spatial relationship between urban sanitation infrastructure and the urban environment, while fulfilling basic functional requirements for the harmless collection, transportation, and disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW) and achieving the transformation from "Not-In-My-Backyard (NIMBY)" to "Yes-In-My-Backyard (YIMBY)" has become a pivotal approach within contemporary urban renewal practices. As urbanization in China transitions from rapid expansion to stock renewal, traditional single-facility regeneration methods have proven inadequate for addressing complex regional environmental governance needs. Therefore, developing a collaborative regeneration decision-making framework that integrates multiple sanitation infrastructures is imperative for holistic urban environmental management. This study introduces an innovative technical framework - the "D-E-R three-step method" - designed specifically for prioritizing collaborative regeneration efforts within urban sanitation systems, using Chongqing's core urban area as a practical case study. The first step involves establishing a comprehensive multi-source database encompassing essential attributes of sanitation infrastructure, including MSW landfills, incineration plants, and transfer stations. This database integrates detailed facilityspecific information such as type, geographic location, spatial boundaries, processing capacity, and operational timelines, alongside crucial geographic information systems (GIS) data layers such as urban boundary delineations, population distribution grids, transport networks, terrain, and water bodies. In the second step, the environmental friendliness of these sanitation infrastructures is qualitatively assessed to systematically identify facilities necessitating regeneration interventions. A customized assessment approach is developed to encapsulate spatial and functional dimensions based on recognized urban aesthetics theories and sanitation infrastructure typologies. Facilities are categorized into high, medium, or low environmental friendliness based on three dimensions: architectural integration and appearance, landscape design quality, and the presence of publicly accessible amenities. Facilities rated medium or low are subsequently designated as candidates for further detailed quantitative evaluation to determine regeneration potential, thus strategically avoiding unnecessary or excessive interventions on already well-integrated facilities. The third step implements a comprehensive quantitative evaluation model utilizing the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). This quantitative assessment integrates three critical dimensions: the operational and maintenance status of the facility, the geo-sensitivity of the surrounding area, and public perception and acceptance. Specifically, six measurable indicators are employed: facility age, replaceability of waste processing capacity, local road network density, facility visibility, residential area proximity, and regional population density. Weighted scores derived from expert surveys across environmental engineering, urban planning, and landscape architecture disciplines inform the prioritization model, thereby generating a rigorous, evidence-based ranking of regeneration priorities across the study area. The empirical application of the "D-E-R three-step method" to the 31 sanitation facilities in Chongqing's core urban area reveals distinct spatial patterns. The assessment identifies that environmental friendliness distribution displays a clear spatial dichotomy, characterized by medium-to-low-level facilities predominantly concentrated in densely built urban cores, with high-level facilities dispersed in suburban or peripheral zones. Concurrently, regeneration potential analysis highlights another distinct spatial distribution, emphasizing that urban-core waste transfer stations demonstrate high urgency for regeneration, whereas suburban landfills, although fewer in number, also exhibit significant regeneration potential due to heightened geo-sensitivity and public concern. Ultimately, 26 of the evaluated facilities (approximately 83.9%) are identified as requiring enhancement interventions, of which 12 facilities (approximately 38.7%) display notably high regeneration potential and thus merit priority attention. The findings underscore a critical transition from isolated, facility-specific renewal strategies to an integrated, systemic governance approach. This comprehensive, regionally coordinated strategy not only effectively addresses the NIMBY concerns associated with sanitation infrastructures but also systematically explores roads to foster the YIMBY effect, thereby contributing substantively to broader policy goals, including "Zero-Waste Cities" and the "Beautiful China" initiative. In conclusion, the "D-E-R three-step method" presented in this research establishes a replicable, scientifically grounded framework for collaborative sanitation infrastructure regeneration decision-making aimed at resolving NIMBY conflicts and achieving YIMBY transformation. Its effective implementation in Chongqing validates its practical applicability and adaptability, providing essential guidance for similar renewal initiatives in other rapidly urbanizing contexts. Furthermore, this methodological framework offers substantial forward-looking utility, enabling predictive assessments for planned sanitation projects to proactively incorporate environmental friendliness into project planning and urban design. The study's broader implications also extend beyond sanitation infrastructure, potentially informing regeneration strategies across diverse types of urban brownfield sites and underutilized urban spaces, thereby significantly advancing sustainable urban renewal practices.