基于多元数据的大运河国家文化公园布局方法及提升策略研究——以大运河河北段为例

Research on the Layout Method and Improvement Strategies for the Grand Canal National CulturalPark Based on Multivariate Data: A Case Study of the Hebei Section of the Grand Canal

关键词:  风景园林  大运河国家文化公园  功能分区  空间特色  服务品质  评价方法

Key words:  landscape architecture  Grand Canal National Cultural Park  functional zoning  spatial characteristics  service quality  evaluation method

摘要:

聚焦大运河河北段国家文化公园建设，系统探索其空间布局优化与综合提升策略。针对遗产保护系统性不足、文化展示特色不彰、文旅协同效应薄弱等 现实问题，立足其整体特征，确立“夯保护、塑特色、优服务、促发展”的综合提升目标。综合运用多元数据与技术分析手段，集成最小累积阻力模型(MCR)、 电路理论等方法，科学划定管控保护区、主题展示区、文旅融合区和传统利用区四大功能分区，并提出差异化提升策略：管控保护区构建“分级保护体系+多维 保护框架”，实施分级管控机制；主题展示区形成“层级联动、网络交织、多点布局”的空间组织模式，建立“点-线-面”协同展示体系；文旅融合区打造“一 轴引领、多点支撑”发展格局；传统利用区推进“生态-文化-产业”三维协同发展。建立“规则量化+技术措施+机制创新”实施体系，通过多层次技术引导、多 维度管控传导、系统性规划行动三大路径，将宏观策略转化为可审批、可监管的操作方案。成果为大运河河北段国家文化公园的空间布局和整体提升提供实践支 撑，其方法体系对同类文化公园规划具有借鉴价值。

Abstract:

This study focuses on the construction of the Grand Canal National Cultural Park in Hebei Province, systematically exploring strategies for spatial layout optimization and comprehensive improvement. Stretching over 530 km and covering 21 districts and counties with a total area of 26,126 km2, this section features the most complete water conservancy system and bestpreserved original landscape of the Grand Canal in China. Aiming at practical issues such as insufficient systematic heritage protection, unclear cultural display characteristics, and weak cultural-tourism synergy, the research establishes comprehensive improvement goals of "strengthening protection, shaping characteristics, optimizing services, and promoting development" based on its characteristics of "integrity, hierarchy, serviceability, and synergy". Integrating multi-source data including high-resolution remote sensing images, DEM data, NDVI, land use data, and POI data, it constructs a technical chain of "data cleaning-coordinate unification-resistance surface construction", and integrates the Minimum Cumulative Resistance Model (MCR) to simulate spatial diffusion paths of heritage protection and tourism activities, circuit theory (Circuitscape software) to analyze ecological and cultural connectivity, and Zonation priority algorithm to scientifically demarcate four functional zones: the Control and Protection Zone establishes a three-level system of "core protection zone-key control zone-peripheral coordination zone", covering key heritage nodes and integrating physical protection, digital twin, and legal safeguard mechanisms; the Theme Display Zone, based on heritage sources, extracts minimum cost paths via MCR to form a hierarchical system of "first-level core display parkssecond- level display parks-third-level display parks", supporting concentrated display belts and characteristic display points to construct a "point-line-plane" collaborative display network; the Cultural-Tourism Integration Zone relies on the pattern of "canal main axis + Langfang commerce core, Cangzhou intangible heritage core, Xiongan ecological core" to build key tourist nodes, develop canal cruise ships, handicraft workshops, and other formats, forming a "fast-travel slow-tour" service system; the Traditional Utilization Zone covers administrative boundaries along the canal, implements rural revitalization projects, and promotes three-dimensional coordination of "ecological agriculture-cultural tourism-traditional industries", such as the construction of Xin'an Ancient Town folklore experience area. Enhancement strategies focus on strengthening protection, shaping characteristics, optimizing services, and promoting development, establishing a "hierarchical protection system+multidimensional protection framework", implementing "micro-intervention" restoration for world cultural heritage like Damingfu Ancient City, planning IPs such as "Grand Canal Live Performance" through the model of "hierarchical linkage, network interweaving, multi-point layout", constructing "land-water-air" three-dimensional tour routes, building a "three-level facility network" (service base-center-point), supporting intelligent navigation systems and 15-minute cultural service circles to increase tourist capacity by 30%, connecting with the Xiongan New Area strategy, constructing the Daqing River ecological corridor, promoting landscape synergy at interprovincial nodes of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei-Shandong-Henan, and forming a development model of "water system connection, industrial linkage". The implementation system innovates the path of "rule quantificationtechnical measures-mechanism innovation", formulates a three-level control system of "general rules-guidelines-detailed rules", such as stipulating building heights in protection zones and service facility configurations in tourism areas, establishes a "national-provincial-city/county" planning transmission mechanism, embeds control requirements into the national land space "one map", sets up multi-department joint meeting systems, and implements short-term projects and long-term plans in three stages of "recent foundation laying (2025-2027)-medium-term quality improvement (2028-2030)-long-term efficiency enhancement (2031-2035)". The research results provide "reviewable and supervisable" operation plans for the Hebei section, and its methodological system of "quantitative analysis-spatial governance-dynamic evaluation" offers a technical paradigm for similar cultural parks, promoting the upgrading of linear cultural heritage from single protection to multi-dimensional symbiosis of "culture-ecology-economy".