社区设计师视角下老旧社区持续更新实践探索——以小营巷全过程陪伴式系列更新为例

Exploration of Continuous Renewal Practice of Old Communities from the Perspective of Community Designers: Taking the Accompanying Series Renewal of Xiaoyingxiang Community as an Example

关键词:  风景园林  社区设计师  老旧社区  有机更新

Key words:  landscape architecture  community designer  old community  organic renewal

摘要:

老旧社区改造是城市更新行动中，最贴近民生的重要工程之一。随着城市化进程的不断推进，老旧社区更新面临着双重挑战：居民需求的精细化和更新 成效的可持续性。在此背景下，设计师服务模式已逐渐从单一统筹设计向贯穿完整项目周期的全过程陪伴式服务转型。旨在探索老旧社区持续更新的多元路径， 梳理现阶段老旧社区的更新模式和更新后的管理运营机制，以小营巷社区全过程陪伴式系列更新为例，总结出社区设计师视角下的老旧社区持续更新的3种模式， 最终构建高品质、现代化背景下的社区更新2.0范式，为新型城镇化背景下的老旧社区更新工作提供更新样板与模式借鉴。

Abstract:

Rehabilitation of old communities is a fundamental project with a significant livelihood orientation in urban renewal initiatives. As urbanization progresses, cities face increasing challenges of aging infrastructure, deteriorating living conditions, and evolving social needs, and the renewal of old communities also faces a double challenge: the refinement and dynamism of residents' needs, and the longevity and resilience of the effectiveness of renewal. In this context, the renewal process is not merely about repairing physical structures but also about revitalizing the social fabric of communities, the old community renewal model needs to shift from the government-led vertical management model to the Contribution and Shared Benefits model, and the physical space transformation needs to shift to community revitalization. In addition, the community subject relationship needs to be reconstructed into a participatory governance structure, the role of residents needs to be changed from passive recipients to active participants and practitioners, and the service mode of designers needs to be gradually transformed from overall design to a whole process of accompanying services throughout the complete project cycle. Based on this, this study aims to explore the multiple paths and modes of sustainable renewal of old communities from the perspective of community designers. By reviewing the renewal modes of old communities at the current stage and analysing the management and operation mechanisms after renovation, this study summarizes three key renewal modes: 1) The government-led, community-participation basic renovation and upgrading mode. This mode is usually driven by the government, with designers taking on a coordinating role. The primary focus is on addressing hardware problems in the physical space; 2) The government-guided, community-led service scene improvement mode. This mode requires the government and designers to pay attention for a long time and continuously coordinate and guide the renewal mode, strengthen the status of the main body of community renewal, cultivate the "self-sustaining" capacity of the community, and enabling a shift from merely upgrading physical space to enhancing the community's service capabilities and quality of life; 3) The continuous renewal mode of multiparty participation and community autonomy mode. This mode establishes community autonomous committees and community foundations, strengthens the dominant position of community residents, constructs feedback and public supervision mechanisms, promotes diversified co-construction, co-governance, and sharing, and synergistically promotes the sustainable renewal and long-term operation of the community. The three models are implemented in overlapping stages, aiming to create a future community unit characterized by self-renewal and self-governance, fostering shared prosperity. At the same time, along with the increase in the autonomy of the renewal of the old community, in the promotion of each model, it is necessary to emphasize the role of community designers in the whole process of accompanied renewal: From the role of overall planning to supportive facilitation, and ultimately to a technical advisory role. Finally, this study takes the example of Xiaoyingxiang community's whole process accompanied regeneration and operation series to explore the community regeneration 2.0 paradigm in the context of high-quality and modernization from the regeneration planning, foundation enhancement, future construction, and continuous participation. This will expand and transform the design boundaries and working methods of community designers, coordinate the participation of multiple parties in community building from a wider and broader perspective, and provide a model for the renewal of old communities in the context of new urbanization.