一种辅助户外活动空间气候适应性设计的热舒适综合评价方法

A Comprehensive Evaluation Method for Thermal Comfort to Assist Climate Adaptability Design ofOutdoor Activity Spaces

关键词:  风景园林  室外热舒适  户外活动空间  时空动态  微气候  气候适应性设计

Key words:  landscape architecture  outdoor thermal comfort  outdoor activity space  spatiotemporal dynamics  microclimate  climate-adaptive design

摘要:

提升户外热舒适性是改善户外活动空间环境品质的重要策略。针对气候适应性设计需求，围绕室外热舒适识别、评估、优化全流程构建了一套涵盖 “耦合模拟-动态评价-优化设计”三大模块的户外热舒适综合评价方法体系。该方法体系基于Grasshopper平台，通过集成热舒适模拟与评价过程，简化了技 术操作流程；建立了热舒适时长和热不适偏差2个评价指标，反映户外活动空间热舒适时空特征；通过绘制热舒适优化建议图，建立了空间优化传导机制。基于 此，以某大学校园为案例，对其户外空间热舒适进行模拟评价。结果表明，该综合评价方法能够有效识别户外活动空间的热舒适调整区域，并确定关键微气候影 响因子。研究成果可为户外空间气候友好性设计提供科学方法与实践参考。

Abstract:

Enhancing outdoor thermal comfort has become a critical strategy for improving environmental quality in urban spaces amid escalating climate challenges. This study develops a comprehensive thermal comfort evaluation framework to support the climate-adaptive design of outdoor activity spaces, integrating three core modules: coupled simulation, dynamic assessment, and optimization design. Addressing limitations in current evaluation methods - particularly the neglect of spatiotemporal dynamics and insufficient design applicability - the proposed system introduces significant methodological innovations through three key components. The technical innovation lies in establishing an integrated workflow through the Grasshopper platform, which consolidates ENVI-met microclimate simulation with parametric analysis tools. This workflow comprises four functional modules: 1) 3D modeling and meteorological data input via Rhinoceros and Ladybug; 2) Parametric simulation execution using Dragonfly; 3) Spatiotemporal analysis employing GH-Python and MGWR software; and 4) Optimization mapping through multi-criteria overlay visualization. This integration reduces technical barriers for designers by eliminating cross-platform data conversion needs. The evaluation system introduces two novel indices: Outdoor Thermal Comfort Duration (OTCD) quantifies cumulative comfortable periods using Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) thresholds, while Outdoor Thermal Discomfort Deviation (OTDD) measures thermal stress intensity through PET exceedance values. These metrics enable spatiotemporal analysis through a dual-axis classification matrix that identifies ten distinct thermal comfort zones, addressing the critical gap in temporal continuity and spatial heterogeneity assessment prevalent in current static evaluation approaches. A groundbreaking contribution is the development of thermal comfort optimization suggestion maps. These visual tools synthesize three analytical layers: 1) Demand-supply matching identifies intervention priorities across activity zones (maintenance, improvement, and redesign areas); 2) Geographically weighted regression (GWR) pinpoints dominant microclimate factors (radiation, wind speed, temperature, humidity); 3) Multidimensional overlay integrates spatial elements (vegetation, water features, pavement materials) to generate location-specific mitigation strategies. Building upon this framework, a case study was conducted on a university campus to evaluate outdoor thermal comfort through simulation practices. The results demonstrated that this comprehensive evaluation method effectively identifies thermal comfort adjustment zones in outdoor activity spaces and pinpoints key microclimate factors influencing thermal discomfort. The proposed thermal comfort assessment system provides valuable references for developing innovative climate-friendly design strategies in outdoor spaces.