基于多元无序Logistic回归的幼儿园儿童游戏支持性户外环境特征研究

A Study of the Characteristics of Outdoor Supportive Environments for Children's Play in KindergartenBased on Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis

关键词:  风景园林  可供性理论  儿童友好型幼儿园  自发游戏行为  游戏支持性环境  适儿化改造

Key words:  landscape architecture  affordance theory  child-friendly kindergarten  spontaneous play  supportive environment for play  child-oriented transformation

摘要:

幼儿园作为儿童早期发展的重要空间载体，对儿童成长具有重大意义，如何建设符合儿童需求的环境成为幼儿园提质更新的重难点。基于可供性理论、 儿童成长发展及儿童游戏相关理论，采用行为观察与行为注记法对成都市3所幼儿园儿童户外游戏行为数据进行采集；其后通过描述性统计，总结幼儿园户外儿 童游戏特征；归纳出15类幼儿园支持儿童游戏的主要环境特征；基于交叉分析与多元无序Logistic回归分析，总结不同儿童游戏行为的支持性环境特征及设计形 式，并提出符合儿童成长阶段性需求的小微空间打造策略，以期通过提升幼儿园户外环境质量与人境交互关系，促进儿童游戏多类型多水平发展，为助力儿童健 康成长的幼儿园环境建设提供一定科学参考。

Abstract:

Building a Healthy China is a crucial foundation for achieving socialist modernization and a significant step toward fulfilling the international commitments outlined in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. This initiative consistently adheres to the strategic theme of "jointly building and sharing health for all", guiding the development of various sectors in China. It mainly emphasizes addressing key groups' health issues, including women and children. Against the backdrop of child-friendly city construction, Chengdu has launched a new initiative to build child-friendly schools, to promote children's all-round development through child-friendly renovation. Kindergartens, as an important spatial carrier for children's early development, are of great significance to children's growth and development, and how to build an environment that meets children's needs has become a major challenge for kindergartens to improve and renew their quality. Based on the theory of availability, children's growth and development, and theories related to children's play, this study created an observation scale of children's outdoor play behaviors in terms of the type of play, intensity of activity, level of social interaction, and environmental elements of children's interactions, and collected data on children's outdoor play behaviors from three kindergartens in Chengdu City by using behavioral observation and behavioral notation methods. Based on the obtained data, firstly, descriptive statistics were used to summarise the characteristics of outdoor children's play in kindergartens: 1) the frequency of children's different types of play varies greatly, with functional play dominating, and expressive play and bio play seriously lacking; 2) the intensity of children's play activities is mainly at a medium level, and there is a lack of high-physical-intensity play; 3) children's play process has specific social opportunities, but still needs to be stimulated. However, there is still a need to stimulate more high-quality social games to cultivate children's sense of cooperation. Accordingly, the main environmental features for children's interactions totaled 15 categories, of which attached objects, loose objects, open ground, and open ground + loose objects were important foundations for children's outdoor play. Subsequent cross-tabulation analyses revealed the existence of specific interactional environmental features for constructive play and bio play, namely loose objects and plants, respectively. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was further used to predict the probability of children's occurrence of either play behavior in different kindergarten outdoor play supportive environmental features, from which the facilitating effect of environmental features on children's play was analyzed. Ultimately, based on the previous results, the characteristics and design forms of supportive environments for different children's play behaviors, and the strategy of creating small and micro space that meets the needs of children's growth stage, are proposed, to improve the quality of kindergarten outdoor environment and the environment and the quality of the people. In contrast to similar studies, the present study reemphasized the importance of the open ground for children's play. In addition, it is found that loose objects have outstanding auxiliary advantages for children aged 3-6 years old. The supplementary effect of environmental element design on children's game behavior, such as the combination of water and other environmental elements, which are easy to use, challenging, and enjoyable, can encourage children to produce higher physical activity. This provides some scientific references for the construction of kindergarten environments that enhance the quality of outdoor environments and human-environment interaction, promote the development of children's play at multiple types and levels, and help children grow up healthily.