公园绿地恢复性环境的健康增效逻辑与理论框架——基于供需视角

Health Enhancement Logic and Theoretical Framework of Park and Green Space RestorativeEnvironment: Based on Supply and Demand Perspective

关键词:  风景园林  公园绿地  健康增效  供需  理论框架

Key words:  landscape architecture  park green space  health enhancement  supply and demand  theoretical framework

摘要:

以健康疗愈为导向的公园绿地恢复性环境成为风景园林促进公共健康的重要实践方法，从健康效益的增效视角再思考公园绿地恢复性环境的实践应用将 有助于提升人类健康福祉。在厘清公园绿地恢复性环境的健康增效内涵基础上，通过深度解译“环境属性→要素潜能→使用动机→使用强度→健康效益”现实转 译因果关系，凝练出“供给端空间环境-需求端使用-健康效益”的增效逻辑，建立一套“两要素三步骤”的增效设计理论框架，并从“供给-需求端”两大关联系 统提炼出增效的设计参数网格，以指导实践设计

Abstract:

With the shift towards a fast-paced urban lifestyle and the continuous emergence of complex urban pathological issues-such as low levels of physical activity, obesity, and mental stress-these factors have become significant determinants affecting the physical and mental health of urban residents, with their prevalence expanding. Moreover, under the background of increasing social competition and intensifying pressures from work and daily life, coupled with the growing disconnect between modern urban living environments and natural settings, it has become imperative to create contemporary living spaces that promote both physical and mental well-being. The restorative environment of parks and green spaces oriented by "health healing" has become an important practice method for landscape architecture to promote public health, an increasing number of landscape architects believe that restorative environments have the potential to improve people's health, and that providing more opportunities for residents to access restorative resources through supply-side regulation has become an effective remedy for addressing future complex health problems. Theoretical research has confirmed that green plant-based restoration environments not only have positive regulatory effects on ecological balance and human living environment quality, but also have significant positive effects on people's physiological and psychological health. It can be said that creating open, green, and walkable parkland restorative environments through landscape design to improve the external support and guarantee for urban residents' healthy living has become one of the most effective and widespread intervention approaches to influencing people's health in this field, and rethinking the practical application of restorative environment from the perspective of increasing health benefits will help improve human health and well-being. Based on this, the concept of efficiency enhancement of the restorative environment is proposed, and the enhancement logic and theoretical analysis framework are constructed from the perspective of supply and demand based on the existing research on the health benefits of green spaces. The study systematically reviews the linear theoretical linkage pathway between "green spaces - mediating pathways - health benefits," and attempts to translate the causal logic from "environmental attributes - element potential - use motivation - use intensity - health benefits" into an enhancement logic of "supply-end spatial environment - demand-end use - health benefits" in a realistic manner. Among them, the supply side pays attention to the internal component composition and its potential (such as site size, component elements, recreational facilities, and other components), while the demand side pays attention to the use adjustment factors that affect the health benefits of the population. The elements associated with the spatial environment on the supply side include two translation connections: environmental characteristics and factor potential. The main goal is to enhance the restorative potential of the spatial environment on the supply side and elevate the spatial quality of the restorative environment in green spaces. This can be achieved by modifying the supply relationship between the internal environmental characteristics of the park's restorative environment and its factor potential in relation to health needs. The factors related to the use of the demand side involve the two links of use motivation and use intensity. The essence is to promote the improvement of residents' use of the restorative environment by strengthening the use motivation and intensity. And, the study proposes a set of "two-factor and three-step" synergistic design theoretical analysis framework and extracts the design parameter grid from the two interrelated systems of supply and demand to guide practical design. This study holds the primary significance in meticulously extracting a comprehensive theoretical framework, which lucidly explicates the practical transformation from "park green space" to "health benefits" in the real world. It combines both the pre-existing linear correlation routes and the intervening elements that bring about non-linearity, thus precisely mirroring the causal nexus between the two. Additionally, it derives a suite of synergistic principles at the theoretical stratum and puts forward a bottom-up, evidence-supported approach for analyzing design practices from the vantage point of supply and demand.