高架路绿色廊道近自然景观设计探索——以北京大兴国际机场高速绿色通道景观建设为例

Exploration of Near-natural Landscape Design for Elevated Highway Green Corridors: A Case Study ofthe Beijing Daxing International Airport Expressway Green Corridor

关键词:  风景园林  高速公路景观  高架路绿色廊道  近自然  北京大兴国际机场高速绿色通道

Key words:  landscape architecture  highway landscape  elevated highway green corridor  near-natural  Beijing Daxing International Airport Expressway Green Corridor

摘要:

近自然理念源于近自然森林理念，被广泛运用于当代城市绿色空间营建，其核心思想是以尊重自然为原则，使城市绿色空间达到接近自然的状态，对于 高架路绿色廊道的建设同样具有重要的借鉴意义。首先，对研究主体的相关概念进行解读，阐述了高架路绿色廊道在城市绿色发展中的意义，并对其近自然景观 特征进行分析；其次，对国内外高速公路景观研究概况及相关案例进行梳理，分析了高架路绿色廊道景观的未来发展趋势，并对其近自然景观设计的重点与难点 进行剖析；最后，以北京大兴国际机场高速绿色通道项目为例，从“无痕缝补绿色空间”“科学把控种群关系”“全面营造动植物生境”三方面阐述了近自然景 观设计理念融入高架路绿色廊道景观建设的具体方法，以期为高架路绿色廊道及高架路周边生态环境修复探寻一条生态性与景观性并存的可持续道路。

Abstract:

With the rapid development of ecological civilization, the construction of green corridors along highways has been accelerating. As numerous "green passages" spring up across the landscape, it is essential to evaluate whether they truly meet the goals of ecological restoration and development. A crucial aspect of this assessment is whether these green corridors align with the principles of "near-natural" design. The concept of near-natural design, which originates from the philosophy of near-natural forests, has been widely applied in the creation of contemporary urban green spaces, such as parks, riverbanks, and afforestation projects. The core idea of this approach is to respect nature, aiming to create urban green spaces that approximate natural conditions. This principle holds significant relevance for the development of elevated highway green corridors. The paper begins by interpreting key concepts such as "elevated highways", "elevated highway green corridors", and "near-natural landscapes of elevated highway green corridors". It outlines the importance of these green corridors in urban ecological development, including their role in stitching together fragmented green spaces divided by urban roads, mitigating the negative environmental impacts of road usage, providing habitats for wildlife, and creating carbon sink forests that offer long-term ecological benefits. Furthermore, the paper examines the characteristics of near-natural landscapes in elevated highway green corridors, identifying eight main features that are inherited from near-natural forests. The paper proceeds with a review of the state of research on highway landscapes, both domestically and internationally. It points out that most existing literature focuses on ground-level road landscapes, with limited research on elevated highway green corridors. This gap underscores the need for further studies on how to design green corridors for elevated highways that balance ecological and aesthetic objectives. The paper then forecasts future trends in the development of elevated highway green corridors, predicting that these corridors will increasingly adopt natural and ecological principles, evolving into near-natural corridors that mirror natural landscapes. The paper identifies four primary challenges in designing near-natural landscapes for elevated highway green corridors: 1) determining the appropriate scale of the green corridor, 2) properly managing the resource elements along the corridor, 3) scientifically constructing multi-layered forest corridors to enhance biodiversity, and 4) ensuring the connectivity of new and existing ecological corridors. Finally, the paper examines the green corridor project along the Beijing Daxing International Airport Expressway as a case study. The role of the project in the broader green space structure of Beijing is discussed, along with its basic features. The paper highlights how near-natural landscape design principles have been integrated into the construction of this elevated highway green corridor through three main strategies: 1) Seamless integration of green spaces: Emphasizing a "no-trace" approach, the project integrates new and existing forest patches, creating multi-layered structures that simulate natural growth patterns and ensure near-natural resource updates along the corridor. 2) Scientific management of species relationships: This strategy focuses on the careful selection of tree species, planting ratios, and patterns. It also prioritizes the preservation and utilization of existing vegetation, protecting the site's native memory, and adapting the design to the local ecological context. 3) Creating comprehensive habitats for wildlife: This involves fine-tuning the vertical profile to enrich microhabitats, enhance rainwater retention, create edge effects that support the development of self-sustaining plant communities, and improve the availability of food and nectar plants to support wildlife. Additionally, efforts are made to connect both new and existing green corridors surrounding the elevated highway to ensure uninterrupted migration routes for animals. The paper uses an ecological benefit evaluation model to assess the phased ecological impacts of the near-natural landscape in the green corridor project. This evaluation aims to identify a sustainable approach for integrating ecological and landscape objectives in elevated highway green corridors, contributing to the restoration of surrounding ecological environments. The study envisions the creation of resilient, wildlife-friendly natural buffers in urban areas, thereby supporting the achievement of China's "dual carbon" strategy and broader ecological sustainability goals.