景观生态视角下武夷山国家公园生态质量 空间分异

Spatial Differentiation of Ecological Quality inWuyishan National Park from the Perspective ofLandscape Ecology

关键词:  风景园林  武夷山国家公园  景观生态质量  景 观稳定性  景观干扰性  混合构权模型

Key words:  landscape architecture  Wuyishan National Park  landscape ecological quality  landscape stability  landscape disturbance  mixed construction weight model

摘要:

景观生态质量可以反映国家公园生态保护状态。以 武夷山国家公园为案例地，制定接近行政村平均大小的正六边 形作为评价单元，基于土地利用结构构建景观稳定性和干扰性 指标体系，综合主观层次分析法和客观均方差决策法得到混合 构权模型权重，结合标准化处理的单一指标值计算分级的景观 生态质量。结果显示：1)研究区域整体景观生态质量空间分异 明显，80%区域的景观稳定性较高，受人为因素影响较小或不 受影响，自然景观较完整；不稳定区域受人为因素影响较大， 自然景观有一定程度破碎化，以武夷山风景名胜区及其周边社 区，以及中南部九峰村和长见村最为明显；2)于村域尺度设计 的基于景观结构的景观稳定性和干扰性评估法能较好反映案例 地景观生态质量，适用于县级以下村域尺度国家公园景观生态评 估，结论与同类研究较为一致；3)应在整体性、多样性和连通 性上加强景观生态保护，重视“适应性”和“反脆弱性”生态管 护模式。可为武夷山国家公园保护、规划和管理决策提供信息。

Abstract:

Landscape ecological quality could be used to reflect the ecological protection state of national parks. Taking Wuyishan National Park as a case, a regular hexagon close to the average size of administrative villages is set as an evaluation unit, and an index system of landscape stability and disturbance is constructed based on the land-use structure. The weights of mixed construction weight model are calculated by combining subjective analytic hierarchy process and objective mean square error decision rule, and the graded landscape ecological quality is calculated by combining standardized single index values. The results show that: 1) The overall landscape ecological quality of study area has obvious spatial differentiation, and 80% of the areas have high landscape stability, little or no influence from human factors, and the natural landscape is relatively complete; unstable areas are greatly influenced by human factors, and the natural landscape is fragmented to a certain extent, especially in Wuyishan Scenic Area and its surrounding communities, as well as Jiufeng Village and Changjian Village in the south-central part; 2) The landscape stability and disturbance assessment method based on landscape structure designed on village scale can reflect the landscape ecological quality of the case, which is suitable for the landscape ecology assessment of national parks at the village scale below the county level. The conclusion is consistent with similar studies; 3) The landscape ecological protection should be strengthened in terms of integrity, diversity and connectivity, and an ecological management and protection model focusing on "adaptability" and "antifragile" should be put forward. The research can provide information for the protection, planning and management decisionmaking of Wuyishan National Park.