人法地，地法天，天法道，道法自然—— 中国风景园林中的师法自然观

Human Follows the Earth, Earth Follows Heaven,Heaven Follows Tao, and Tao Follows Nature: TheView of Imitating Nature in Chinese LandscapeArchitecture

关键词:  风景园林  师法自然  宇宙时空  阴阳  道

Key words:  landscape architecture  learn from nature  cosmic space-time  Yin and Yang  Tao

摘要:

中国风景园林充分反映了中华民族的师法自然观。 中国传统文化中的人、山水、地、天、道、元气、宇宙诸多 概念表达出多维度的自然；“人法地，地法天，天法道，道 法自然”，系统论述从人到自然之间诸多层次的师法关系。 中国风景园林则在从人到自然的多层次关系中，通过自然崇 拜、君子比德、模山范水、人做天开、宇宙浓缩等诸多形式 最终落脚到师法自然，这就使得中国风景园林形成了“外师 造化、内得心源”的认识方法、“虽由人作，宛自天开”的 价值取向、阴阳和谐山水格局的空间营造手法，以及自然而 然的宇宙再现。中国风景园林能艺术地凝练出有形自然、无 形自然、万物演化规律的自然和体现宇宙法则的自然，师法 自然观在其衍化过程中留下了深深的痕迹。

Abstract:

Chinese landscape architecture fully reflects the Chinese people's view of learning from nature. Many concepts in traditional Chinese culture, such as "human, mountains and waters, earth, heaven, Tao, vitality, and universe", express a multi-dimensional nature; "human follows the earth, earth follows heaven, heaven follows Tao, and Tao follows nature", systematically discusses the multi-level relationship between human and nature. In this relationship, the Chinese landscape architecture, through the worship of nature, human of honor admire moral, the imitation of mountains and waters, the creation of heaven by human, the condensation of the universe, and many other forms, ultimately, comes down to learning from nature. This has led to the formation of the cognitive method of "learning from nature outside and obtaining inspiration inside" in Chinese landscape architecture, the value orientation of "although created by human, it seems like being created by heaven", the spatial creation techniques that harmonize Yin and Yang, and a natural reproduction of the universe. Chinese landscape architecture can artistically condense tangible nature, intangible nature, the nature of the evolutionary laws of everything, and the nature that embodies the laws of the universe. The concept of learning from nature has left deep traces in its evolution process.