老旧校园绿地集水区优化对雨水排放与LID 设施功能的影响——以石家庄铁道大学为例

Influence of Optimization of Green Space CatchmentArea on Old Campus on Rainwater Discharge andLID Facility Function: A Case Study of ShijiazhuangTiedao University

关键词:  风景园林  源头减排  海绵城市  SWMM模型  芝加哥雨型法  老旧校园改造

Key words:  landscape architecture  source control  sponge city  SWMM  Chicago hyetograph method  old campus reconstruction

摘要:

集水区作为雨水汇集的基本单元对雨水排放有很大 的影响，对集水区的优化设计可以有效提高雨水排出效率。以 石家庄铁道大学长安校区翠园及其周边区域为例，对该区域的 高程变化、排水设施、绿地分布进行调研，计算该地区重现期 为1年一遇、5年一遇，历时2 h；10年一遇、20年一遇，历 时24 h的降雨曲线，并通过SWMM软件分别对区域内现状、 优化集水区2种情况的雨水径流、出流、雨涝风险与关键节点 深度变化进行分析。结果表明，经过优化后的集水区可以有效 消减79.7％~91.9％的径流峰值，同时降低了雨水井的溢流 量。在优化集水区后布设低影响开发设施也能将低影响开发设 施的渗水效率提高45.9％~56.1％。为使该策略能够更加方 便地应用于老旧校园绿地改造，同时结合参数化设计技术，以 研究区域内的园林绿地为例，将绿地集水功能与园林形式进行 有机融合。

Abstract:

The catchment area, serving as the fundamental unit for rainwater collection, significantly influences rainwater discharge, and optimizing its design can substantially enhance rainwater drainage efficiency. Taking Cui Garden and its surrounding areas at the Chang'an campus of Shijiazhuang Tiedao University as a case, this study investigates changes in elevation, drainage facilities, and the distribution of green spaces within the region. It calculates rainfall curves lasting 2 hours for the area with recurrence interval of 1 and 5 years, , and that lasting 24 hours with recurrence interval of 10 and 20 years. The study analyzes rainwater runoff, outflow, flood risk, and changes in the depth of key nodes under two scenarios: the current condition and the optimized catchment area, using the SWMM software. The results indicate that the optimized catchment area can effectively reduce runoff peaks by 79.7% to 91.9%, and decrease the overflow volume from stormwater wells. Installing low-impact development (LID) facilities in the optimized catchment area can also improve the infiltration efficiency of these LID facilities by 45.9% to 56.1%. To facilitate the strategy's application in the renovation of outdated campus green spaces, the study also integrates parametric design techniques, using the green spaces within the study area as an example, to organically merge the water collection function of green spaces with landscape forms.