基于亲生物都市主义的高密度建成环境生境 网络优化提升研究——以成都主城区为例

Research on the Optimization and Improvement ofthe Habitat Network of High-density Built EnvironmentBased on the Biophilic Urbanism: A Case Study ofthe Central Urban Area of Chengdu

关键词:  风景园林  亲生物感知  生态过程  生境网络  格局优化  绩效提升

Key words:  landscape architecture  biophilic perception  ecological process  habitat network  pattern optimization  performance improvement

摘要:

立足于亲生物都市主义的概念内涵和发展演进趋势， 结合高密度建成环境内生态过程发生和运行机制，以及亲生物 感知的需求特征，明确约束因素和关键支撑条件，构建高密度 建成环境范围界定、评估和识别生境单元、模拟和评估生境网 络格局、情景迭代对比性评估的技术框架。以公园城市示范区 成都主城区为研究对象，解析高密度建成环境的范围、特征及 其内部生态过程的约束条件和生态过程特征，从人本感知的角 度分析亲生物特征和支撑条件，构建评估生境网络格局的技术 路径。在明确生态阻力特征和核心生境空间的基础上，利用基 于电流理论的Linkage Mapper技术模块，生成支撑亲生物特 征的生境网络格局，识别并评估格局结构、生境单元、生态廊 道、生态夹点和生态障碍点，结合生境斑块增补的多次迭代下 的情景对比性结论，凝练锚固生态骨架、延展潜力生态脉络和 打造多元亲生物感知空间的优化提升策略，以期为营建具有生 命共同体特征并达成亲生物城市特征的中国公园城市提供指引 和参考。

Abstract:

Based on the connotation and development trend of biophilic urbanism, combined with the occurrence and operation mechanism of ecological processes in the high-density built environment, and clarifying the constraints and essential supporting conditions, a technical framework for defining the scope of highdensity built environment, assessing and identifying habitat units, simulating the habitat networks, and comparative assessment by scenario iteration is created. The downtown of Chengdu, the Park City demonstration area, is taken as the research object, and the scope and characteristics of the high-density built environment and the constraint conditions and ecological process characteristics of its internal ecological process are analyzed. From the perspective of human perception, the biological features and supporting requirements are explored, and then the technical path to evaluate the habitat network pattern is built. By clarifying the ecological resistance characteristics and the core habitat spaces, the technology module of Linkage Mapper based on the electric current theory is used to identify the habitat networks supporting the biological characteristics. Moreover, the pattern structure, habitat units, ecological corridors, ecological pinch points, and ecological barrier points are evaluated to obtain comparative conclusions by supplying habitat patches while combining the scenario iteration. The optimization and promotion strategies such as anchoring the ecological skeleton, extending the potential ecological context and creating multi-biological perception spaces are refined. It is expected to provide guidance and reference for constructing the Chinese Park City with the characteristics of a living community to achieve a biophilic city.