哈尔滨市高校校园绿地自生植物多样性及其 在异质生境中的分布特征

Spontaneous Vegetation Species Diversity andDistribution in Heterogeneous Habitats of UniversityCampus Green Spaces of Harbin

关键词:  园林植物  高校校园绿地  自生植物  异质化生 境  适应策略  哈尔滨市

Key words:  landscape plant  university campus green space  spontaneous vegetation  habitat heterogeneity  adaptive strategy  Harbin

摘要:

自生植物是城市生物的重要组成部分，是城市生态 系统可持续发展的重要保障。运用均匀网格布样法，结合典型 生境取样法，调查并分析了哈尔滨10所高校校园绿地自生植物 的物种多样性及其生境特征。结果表明：1)共记录到自生植物 146种，隶属于42科108属；2)教学科研与行政办公区、学生 生活区以及微生境类型中的乔-草生境、行道树池绿地生境、灌 草生境及人工草坪生境是自生植物的主要生存空间；3)生活史 周期较短和可塑性高的世界广布性自生植物对高频度和高强度 的人为干扰具有很强的适应性。研究成果将为探索城市生物多 样性保护与维持策略提供依据，也为低成本校园植物景观建设 与养护、自生植物生境设计与营造及生物多样性保护与维持提 供参考。

Abstract:

Spontaneous vegetation is an important component of urban biodiversity and an important guarantee for the sustainable development of urban ecosystems. This paper investigates and analyzes the species diversity of spontaneous vegetation and their habitat characteristics in the campus green spaces of 10 universities in Harbin, using the uniform grid layout sampling method combined with the typical habitat sampling method. The analytical results have indicated the following findings: 1) A total of 947 sample squares was surveyed and 146 species of spontaneous vegetation were recorded, belonging to 108 genera in 42 families. 2) The instability and high heterogeneity of habitats are the main living space of spontaneous in teaching, research and administrative office areas, student living areas, as well as tree-grass habitats in micro-habitat types, street pond green space habitats, irrigation and grass habitats and artificial lawn habitats. 3) Worldwide spontaneous vegetation with short life history cycles and high plasticity are highly adaptable to high frequency and intensity of spontaneous disturbance. The findings in this paper may serve as urban biodiversity conservation and maintenance strategies, as well as a reference for low-cost campus plant landscape construction and maintenance, spontaneous vegetation habitat design and creation, and biodiversity conservation and maintenance.