荒野识别与荒野保护地研究——以甘肃为例

Research on Wilderness Identification and WildernessProtected Area—Taking Gansu as an Example

关键词:  风景园林  荒野保护地  识别与保护  空间格 局  甘肃省

Key words:  landscape architecture  wilderness protected area  identification and protection  spatial pattern  Gansu Province

摘要:

荒野地具有缓解气候变化危机、保护生物多样性的 重要价值，该理念正在全球范围内不断发展。以甘肃为例，结 合公众感知调查，从生物物理自然度、人类干扰度、距离遥远 度和外观完整度4个方面建立荒野识别指标模型。通过GIS核 密度(KDE)、布尔叠加运算等进行指标计算，归一化和叠置得 到甘肃省荒野地图(WQI)。结果表明，甘肃省荒野质量呈现 出“西高东低”、数量呈现出“西多东少”空间态势；荒野质 量与海拔之间存在正相关关系；荒野自然基底以戈壁和荒漠生 态系统为主，生态脆弱性明显；70%的高质量荒野仍处于保护 区之外，亟须加强管理。基于此，提出构建分类分级荒野保护 系统和荒野保护脉络，可为荒野识别指标、方法和保护提供参 考，为荒野保护体系构建提供参考。

Abstract:

Wilderness has important value in mitigating climate change crises and protecting biodiversity, and this concept is constantly developing globally. This article takes Gansu as an example and combines public perception surveys to establish a wilderness recognition index model from four aspects: biophysical naturalness, human interference, distance, and appearance integrity. The Wilderness Map of Gansu Province (WQI) is obtained through index calculation, normalization, and stacking using GIS kernel density (KDE) and Boolean stacking operations. The results show that the quality of wilderness in Gansu Province shows a spatial trend of "high in the west and low in the east", and the quantity shows a spatial trend of "more in the west and less in the east"; there is a positive correlation between wilderness quality and altitude; the natural base of the wilderness is mainly composed of Gobi and desert ecosystems, with obvious ecological fragility; 70% of highquality wilderness is still outside protected areas, and there is an urgent need to strengthen management. Based on this, this article proposes the construction of a classified and graded wilderness protection system and wilderness protection context. The research can provide reference for wilderness identification indicators, methods, and protection methods, as well as for the construction of wilderness protection systems.