基于社交媒体数据的文化生态系统服务 供需评估与优化研究——以苏州市为例

Research on the Supply and Demand Evaluationand Optimization of Cultural Ecosystem ServicesBased on Social Media Data: Taking Suzhou as anExample

关键词:  风景园林  文化生态系统服务  多源数据  MaxEnt模型  空间制图  供需平衡

Key words:  landscape architecture  cultural ecosystem service  multisource data  MaxEnt model  spatial mapping  supply and demand balance

摘要:

评估文化生态系统服务(CES)在空间上的供需平衡 状况是将生态系统服务与人类福祉联系起来的关键。然而其无 形性特征使其在空间上难以量化，因此在生态系统服务评估中 常常被人们所忽视。基于社交媒体照片，整合多源数据，利 用ArcGIS和MaxEnt模型，对苏州市内审美服务、历史文化 服务、休闲娱乐服务3类CES的供需平衡状况进行了制图与评 估。研究表明：苏州市供需失衡特征明显，其中历史文化类 CES失衡区域面积占比最大，高达48.1%，其次审美类失衡 区域面积占比38.4%，而休闲娱乐类失衡区域面积占比则为 37.0%。在景区尺度上通过CES供需失衡分析，依据不同的失 衡类型提出旅游地的CES供需空间调配的策略，进而为景观规 划设计人员与地方决策者提供可践行的指导，以实现旅游空间 结构优化及区域保护与开发的协同。

Abstract:

Evaluating the balance between the supply and demand of cultural ecosystem services (CES) in space is the key to linking ecosystem services to human well-being. However, because its invisibility is difficult to quantify, it is often ignored in ecosystem service evaluation. Based on social media photos, integrating multisource data, and using ArcGIS and the MaxEnt model, this paper maps and evaluates the supply and demand balance of three CES of aesthetic services, historical and cultural services, and leisure and entertainment services in Suzhou. The result shows that the imbalance between supply and demand in Suzhou is obvious, among which the historical and cultural CES imbalance area accounts for the largest proportion, as high as 48.1%, and then the aesthetic imbalance area accounts for 38.4%, while the leisure and entertainment imbalance area accounts for 37.0%. Through the analysis of CES supply-demand imbalance at the scenic spot scale, the strategy of CES spatial allocation of tourist destinations is proposed according to different imbalance types, which provides practical guidance for landscape planners and local decision makers, so as to realize the optimization of tourism spatial structure and the integration between regional protection and development. Keywords: landscape architecture; cultural ecosystem service;