解释学——风景园林的一般方法论刍议

Hermeneutics as a General Methodology ofLandscape Architecture

关键词:  风景园林  解释学  知识论  本体论  方法论

Key words:  landscape architecture  hermeneutics  epistemology  ontology  methodology

摘要:

解释学是一种关于意义、理解和解释的哲学理论， 作为基础性学科和人文科学的一般方法论，深刻影响了文学 批评、艺术批评、建筑批评等领域的理论发展。无论是探究 景观作为一种“此在”的本体论解释，还是获得超脱于设计 师“原意”的对于作品意义的理解，抑或是找寻一种围绕 “理解”的主体间性设计方法，解释学都具有知识论、本体 论和方法论的向度，可称为风景园林一般方法论。在知识论 层面，阐述了解释学与批评学的差异，并通过贝蒂的四原则 架构解析作品解释的原则；在本体论层面，分析了2种理论路 径与2种典型解释理论；在方法论层面，指出解释学作为设计 方法论的机理与内涵。

Abstract:

Hermeneutics is a philosophical theory about meaning, understanding and explanation. As a general methodology of a basic discipline and the humanities, hermeneutics has profoundly influenced the theoretical development of literary criticism, art criticism, architectural criticism, and other fields. Whether it is to explore the landscape as an ontological explanation of "being", to obtain an understanding of the meaning of the works beyond the "original intention" of the designer, or to find an inter-subjective design method centering on "understanding", hermeneutics has three orientations among epistemology, ontology, and methodology. There is no doubt that hermeneutics can be used as the general methodology of landscape architecture. Referring epistemology, this thesis explains the differences between hermeneutics and criticism, and furthermore analyzes the principles of interpreting works through Emilio Betti's four-principle framework; as ontology, two theoretical paths and two typical explanatory theories were analyzed; as methodology, the mechanism and connotation of hermeneutics as a kind of design methodology was pointed out.