百花山自然草甸群落结构与组成分析

Community Structure and Composition Analysis of Baihua Mountain Natural Meadow

关键词:  园林植物  草花混播  北京百花山  自然草甸  群 落结构

Key words:  landscape plant  flower meadow  Beijing Baihua Mountain  meadow  community structure

摘要:

为构建自然的混播组合，以百花山草甸的草本植物 群落为调查对象，对其进行一个生长季的调查，记录分析草 甸的植物组成、垂直结构、季相变化特征。结果表明：共记录 野生花卉27科、51属、62种，其中90.32%为多年生植物； 将草甸按株高分为3个亚层，各亚层植物平均种数、株数、覆 盖度的比例分别约为第一亚层:第二亚层:第三亚层=1:5:4、 3:13:4、1:7:2；随时间变化第三亚层Shannon-Wiener 指数、Pielou指数、Gleason指数均呈现先降低后升高的趋 势，第二亚层3项指数均呈现先升高后降低的趋势，第一亚层 3项指标均最低。自然草甸中的植物组成、垂直结构、季相变 化特征等是影响草甸的重要因素，基于此可为模拟构建更加自 然的混播组合提供参考。

Abstract:

To build a more natural flower meadow, the herbaceous plant community in Baihua Mountain meadow was investigated in a growing season. The plant composition, vertical structure and seasonal variation of the meadow were recorded and analyzed. The results showed that 62 species, 51 genera and 27 families of species were recorded, among which 90.32% were perennial plants. The meadow was divided into 3 sub-layers according to plant height, and the proportion of average plant species, plant number and coverage of each sub-layer was about the first sub-layer: the second sub-layer: the third sub-layer = 1:5:4, 3:13:4 and 1:7:2. Shannon-wiener index, Pielou index and Gleason index all showed a trend of decreasing firstly and then increasing in the third sub-layer. The three indexes in the second sub-layer all showed a trend of increasing firstly and then decreasing, and the three indexes in the first sub-layer were the lowest. Plant composition, vertical structure and seasonal variation in natural meadow are important factors affecting meadow. Based on these investigation results, it can provide reference for simulating and constructing more natural flower meadows.