百纳为“公”：无锡公花园初创期 “园景之辨”(1905—1949)

"Baina" as "Gong": A Discussion on the Landscape in the Initial Stage of Wuxi Gong Garden (1905—1949)

关键词:  风景园林  无锡公花园  初创期  园景

Key words:  landscape architecture  Wuxi Gong Garden  initial stage  garden landscape

摘要:

无锡公花园是中国最早自主建设的11座近代公园之一，在中国近代园林史上具有标志性的示范意义。以往研究对于公园初创期的园林遗痕、园林文化的关注度不够，通过解读1949年前公开发行的《申报》《新无锡》《锡报》等报刊史料及游记，揭示了初创期“园景”风格之变的缘由，并依据1912年《无锡实测地图》、1949年《无锡城郊新图》及同时期公园旧影，梳理绘制出公园初创期2个阶段的平面猜想图。通过“体用”辨析梳理出“大众美育现象”“公园展会现象”“公共娱乐现象”3类文化现象萌发的主线，深入剖析了“花卉节事、雅集赏画”的传统沿袭、“公园搭台、展会唱戏”的兴起、“体育娱乐、公园宴饮”的勃兴等活动组织与筹划细节。通过公花园初创期的“园景”辨析，可揭示其遗留下来的园林遗产，从溯源角度解析对今日城市公园建设管理之启示。

Abstract:

Wuxi Gong Garden is one of the earliest 11 modern parks built independently in China, which has symbolic and exemplary significance in the history of modern Chinese gardens. Previous studies have not paid enough attention to the garden traces and garden culture in the initial stage of the park. By interpreting the historical materials and travel notes of newspapers and magazines published before 1949, such as Shenbao, New Wuxi and Xibao, this study reveals the reasons for the change of the style of "garden" in the initial stage. According to the measured map of Wuxi in 1912, the new map of Wuxi suburbs in 1949 and the old photos of the park in the same period, the plane conjecture maps of the two stages of the park's initial stage are sorted out and drawn. Through the analysis of "body and function", the main lines of the germination of three kinds of cultural phenomena, namely "mass aesthetic education phenomenon", "park exhibition phenomenon" and "public entertainment phenomenon", are sorted out, and the details of the organization and planning of activities, such as the traditional inheritance of "flower festival, elegant gathering and painting appreciation", the rise of "the park serves as a platform for the exhibition" and the prosperity of "sports entertainment, and park banquets" are deeply analyzed. Through the analysis of the "landscape" in the initial stage of the park, we can reveal the garden heritage left behind, and analyze the enlightenment to the construction and management of today's urban parks from the perspective of traceability.