改革开放以来中国城市园林绿化行业 治理体系演进的回顾、思考与展望

Review, Thinking and Prospect of the Evolution of Urban Landscaping Industry Governance System in China since the Reform and Opening-up

关键词:  风景园林  城市园林绿化  行业治理  治理体系  治理能力

Key words:  landscape architecture  urban landscaping  industry governance  governance system  governance capacity

摘要:

治理体系和治理能力现代化是城市园林绿化行业在新时代必须面对的时代命题。改革开放40年来，行业基本形成了“政府主导、央地互馈、部门协同、企业主体、社团辅助、专家支持、公众参与”的多元主体治理格局；基本形成了以国家政策和行业政策为引领，法律法规体系、规划设计体系和督察监察制度为保障，园林城市创建活动为特色抓手，专业教育体系、专家咨询制度、科研创新体系和技术标准体系为支撑，国际行业交流交往活动为拓展的多元治理工具体系；并在治理意识、治理思路、顶层谋划、治理主体、治理工具等方面取得了一系列经验；市场经济发展和社会主要矛盾变迁、国家治理体系发展演进、城市化进程、社会结构及其文化特征变迁是推动和影响行业治理体系演进的重要驱动力量。当前行业治理存在治理思维尚未全面建立、目标和思路尚不清晰、体系架构尚不完善、行业主管部门作为关键治理主体日渐式微、治理工具和手段不多等问题，据此从治理意识、战略视角、主体架构、顶层谋划、工具体系5个方面提出建议。

Abstract:

The modernization of the governance system and governance capabilities is the new era's proposition that the urban landscaping industry must face. In the past 40 years of reform and opening-up, the industry has basically formed a multi-subject governance pattern of "government-led, central and local mutual feedback, departmental coordination, enterprise mainstay, community assistance, expert support, and public participation"; it has basically formed a diversified governance tool system which is led by national policies and industry policies, guaranteed by the legal and regulatory system, planning and design system and supervision system, promoted by garden city creation activities, supported by professional education system, expert consultation system, scientific research innovation system and technical standard system, and expanded by international industry exchange activities; and it has gained a series of experience in governance awareness, governance ideas, top-level planning, governance subjects, governance tools, etc. The development of market economy and the changes of the main conflict of society, the development and evolution of the national governance system, the process of urbanization, the change of social structure and its cultural characteristics are important driving forces to promote and affect the evolution of the industry governance system. At present, there are some problems in industry governance, such as the governance thinking has not been fully established, the governance objectives and ideas are not clear, the governance system architecture is not well-structed, the industry authority as key governance bodies are fading, and few governance tools and means. Based on this, suggestions are put forward from five aspects: governance awareness, strategic perspective, main structure, top-level planning, and tool system.