私园公用：历史比较视野下的伦敦 上海经营性私园研究

Private Gardens Opening to the Public: An Historical Comparative Study on Pleasure Gardens in London and Shanghai

关键词:  风景园林  经营性私园  上海  伦敦  公共思想

Key words:  landscape architecture  pleasure garden  Shanghai  London  public idea

摘要:

随着公共思想的兴起，经营性私园逐渐成为一种国 际流行的景观现象。旨在从世界景观发展历史出发，借由历史 比较的视角，探讨这一景观形式的国际共同性与差异性，推进 全球景观史和经营性私园研究。通过比较伦敦和上海的经营性 私园，指出该类园林普遍具有混杂性的景观特征、创新性的运 营模式和推动技术传播的社会功能。但是，公共思想的不同来 源却为其带来差异：由于伦敦的公共思想主要源于社会内部， 其经营性私园因之成为既有文化传统的附庸；而上海的公共思 想则主要来自被动引入，这也促使其经营性私园不断地与中国 传统社会文化发生碰撞，并在园主社会地位、妇女入园和运营 时间等方面产生冲突。

Abstract:

During the rise in the popularity of public ideas, pleasure gardens emerged and became popular in big cities around the world. Through the perspective of world garden history, this article contributes to studies of international pleasure garden history and global garden history by examining the similarities and differences between gardens in modern China and European countries. Adopting an historical comparative approach to compare pleasure gardens in Shanghai and London, it reveals that these gardens featured hybrid landscapes, innovated operational approaches, and promoted technology dissemination. However, the endogenous public ideas in London drove these designed landscapes to be a dependency of established social orders, whereas the exogenous ideas in Shanghai created friction with social and cultural agendas in China, which, in turn, led such gardens to become a tool for improving the social status of the owners, and generated social consequences in female access to gardens and garden operation times