国家公园划定荒野保护区的意义与方法

The Significance and Approaches of Defining Wilderness Zone in Chinese National Parks

关键词:  风景园林  国家公园  荒野保护区  分区方法  栖 息地适宜性评价  行为分析法

Key words:  landscape architecture  national park  wilderness zone  zoning approach  habitat adaptive evaluation  behavior analysis method: landscape architecture  national park  wilderness zone  zoning approach  habitat adaptive evaluation  behavior analysis method

摘要:

世界自然保护联盟(IUCN)把荒野保护地列入保护 级别最高的一类保护地，荒野体验是游憩体验最高级别的体验 形式。世界各国荒野保护地实际存在形式大致分独立型和合 并型2类。划定荒野保护区是荒野价值研究成果的重要应用实 践，这是中国国家公园体制建设向深层次发展的重要方向。核 心保护区与荒野保护区对应IUCN保护地分类体系中的Ia、Ib 保护地，这样既可以同国际接轨，又解决了国内国家公园生态 保护管控与人类活动的矛盾问题。国家公园突出荒野保护理念 既建立了国家公园与社会的情感联系，强化了国家公园的社会 文化认同，又彰显了国家公园人与自然和谐共生的绿色发展理 念。栖息地适宜性评价与行为分析法是划定荒野保护区的重要 方法，通过栖息地适宜性评价建立国家公园生态环境谱系，在 生态环境谱系基础上通过行为交互作用分析建立游憩机会谱系 与社区村落谱系。荒野保护区整合了三大谱系，建构了以荒野 保护区为主体的管理分区体系，把各个功能区有机组织起来， 形成结构有序、自然共生的人地耦合复杂生态系统。

Abstract:

IUCN defines wilderness protected areas as the highest level of protected areas, and wilderness experience is the highest level of recreation experience. There are two types of wilderness protected areas in the world: independent type and combined type. The defining wilderness zone is an important application of the research results of wilderness value, it's the future important direction for the deep reform of national park system. The core reserve and wilderness zone is corresponding to the IUCN protected area classification system of Ia and Ib categories, keeping Chinese national park common ideas up with the world, and also solving the contradiction between human activities and ecological conservation of Chinese national parks, establishing the spirit ties between national park and society, strengthening the social and cultural acceptance of Chinese national parks, and revealing green development concept of national park. The methods of habitat suitability evaluation and behavior analysis are the important methods of designated wilderness area. The method of habitat suitability evaluation can help make ecological environment spectrum, and the method of behavior analysis can help make recreation opportunity spectrum and community village spectrum based on the ecological environment spectrum. Wilderness area integrates the three spectrums with one management zoning system, and all functional areas are organically organized to form a complex ecosystem of human-land coupling with orderly structure and natural symbiosis.