灰绿雨水基础设施协同规划——美国山地 城市匹兹堡“绿色优先计划”之借鉴

Integration of Gray-green Stormwater Infrastructure Planning and Urban Design—Lessons from the "Green First Plan" of the Mountainous City of Pittsburgh, USA

关键词:  风景园林  绿色雨水基础设施  合流制溢流  城市 洪涝  山地城市更新  匹兹堡

Key words:  landscape architecture  green stormwater infrastructure  combined sewage overflow  urban flooding  mountainous city renewal  Pittsburgh

摘要:

山地洪涝灾害制约城市发展与安全。近年来，美国多 处城市采取小规模且分散的绿色雨水基础设施(GSI)与传统管 网系统相结合的方式来解决复杂的雨洪问题，发挥GSI的多种功 能与效益。以美国山地城市匹兹堡的“绿色优先计划”为例， 重点介绍了灰绿雨水基础设施在管理合流制溢流与洪涝等方面 的效能评估方法，以及GSI融入排水分区城市设计框架的规划策 略。以期在规划技术方法、多功能GSI、灰绿设施配置等方面为 中国山地城市中灰绿雨水基础设施的协同规划提供参考。

Abstract:

Stormwater hazards are more likely to affect urban development and security in mountainous cities. Many cities in the United States have recently integrated small-scale decentralized green stormwater infrastructure (GSI) and traditional pipe networks to address complex stormwater problems while taking advantage of the multiple functions and benefits of GSI. Taking the "Green First Plan" in the mountainous city of Pittsburgh as an example, this article elaborates on the performance evaluation of GSI, when integrated with gray infrastructure, in managing combined sewer overflows and urban flooding. Besides, the integration of GSI into the urban design framework of sewersheds is introduced. These methods provide practical implications, especially with regard to planning methods, multi-functional GSI, and gray-green infrastructure configuration, for the planning of integrated gray green stormwater infrastructure in China's mountainous cities.