由虚入实：中国古代城市人居环境“八景” 模式的嬗变

From Virtual to Real: The Evolution of the Pattern of "Eight Sceneries" in Ancient Chinese Urban Human Settlements

关键词:  风景园林  城市人居环境  八景  模式  嬗变

Key words:  landscape architecture  urban human settlements  eight sceneries  pattern  evolution

摘要:

“八景”是中国古代城市人居环境营建中约定俗成 的一种组景现象。如何更为深入地对“八景”起源、形成、发 展进行系统的梳理、归纳和再认识，更具现实意义。从人居环 境角度入手，通过对历史材料进一步梳理和研判，对“八景” 的历史进行了溯源，归纳总结了城市人居环境“八景”模式从 虚到实的嬗变路径与特点。我国古代城市人居环境“八景”模 式嬗变可分为起源、萌芽、形成、发展、衰落5个历史阶段， 贯穿我国古代人居环境建设的始终，具有人居内涵上的一脉相 承、生成模式的多源汇聚和传播方式相互融合的特点。结论可 为城乡建设中加强历史文化保护传承提供参考。

Abstract:

"Eight sceneries" is a group scenery phenomenon in the construction of ancient urban living environment in China. How to systematically sort out, summarize and re-understand the origin, formation and development of the "eight sceneries" is of more practical significance. Starting from the perspective of human settlement environment, this paper traces the history of "eight sceneries" through further sorting and analysis of historical materials and summarizes the evolution path and characteristics of "eight sceneries" mode of urban human settlement environment from virtual to real. The "eight sceneries" model of urban human settlements can be divided into five historical stages, including origin, germination, formation, development and decline, throughout the construction of human settlement environment in ancient China. It has the characteristics of continuous succession in human settlement connotation, multi-source convergence of generation mode and mutual integration of communication mode. The conclusion can provide reference for strengthening historical and cultural protection and inheritance in urban and rural construction