山地城市公园植物群落功能多样性与物种 多样性研究 ——以重庆市主城区为例

Study on the Functional Diversity and the SpeciesDiversity of Plant Communities in Mountain CityParks—A Case Study of the Main Urban Area ofChongqing

关键词:  园林植物  生态功能  功能多样性  功能特征  物种多样性  相关分析

Key words:  landscape plant  ecological function  functional diversity  functional trait  species diversity  correlation analysis

摘要:

城市植物多样性直接影响着城市生态系统的功能与 稳定性。基于重庆市主城区公园植物的样地调查数据，从生 活型、来源类型2个方面对公园植物多样性开展研究。调查 统计得到107科257属347种植物，表明重庆主城区公园植 物种类丰富。3种生活型植物中，草本植物的物种丰富度、 Shannon-Wiener多样性、功能性状平均距离指数均为最 高，乔木植物的Pielou物种均匀度、功能离散度、Rao二次 熵指数和功能均匀度均为最高。3类生活型植物的功能性状差 异显著。总体上固氮植物占比较低，虫媒、动物传粉植物占比 最高。与乡土植物相比，外来植物仍具有较高的多样性，外来 植物的引入丰富了功能性状、提高了物种数。基于研究结果， 建议重庆市公园建设进一步重视功能性状的选择和应用，提高 乡土植物的功能多样性。本研究的结论和方法为中国城市植物 多样性保护与研究、可持续城市建设提供参考。

Abstract:

Urban plant diversity directly affects the functions and stability of the urban ecosystem. Based on the plant investigation data of the parks in the main urban area of Chongqing, this paper evaluates the plant diversity from the two aspects of life forms and origin types. As revealed by the results, parks of the main urban area in Chongqing were rich in species, with 347 species belonging to 257 genera and 107 families were recorded. The species richness, Shannon Wiener diversity, and average distance of functional traits index were the highest in herbaceous plants, while Pielou species evenness, functional dispersion, Rao secondary entropy index, and functional uniformity were the highest in tree species. There were significant differences in functional traits among the three life forms, but overall, the proportion of nitrogen-fixing plants was relatively low, while insect-borne and animal pollinated plants accounted for the highest proportion. Compared with native plants, alien plants still have high diversity. The introduction of exotic plants enriches functional traits and increases the number of species. According to the research results, more attention to the selection and application of functional traits in the construction of parks in Chongqing was recommended, to improve