科学、价值与判断在环境影响评估架构中之整合

Integration of Science, Values, and Judgments in the Framework for Environmental Impact Assessment

关键词:  风景园林  科学  价值  判断  机制  环境影响评估

Key words:  landscape architecture  science  values  judgment  mechanism  environmental impact assessment

摘要:

公共政策研拟，尤其是环境影响评估，不仅牵涉技术性科学层面，同时涵盖社会性价值评估与政策性决策判断。旨在探讨如何将科学、价值与判断等因素合理融合于环境影响评估作业过程中，并据此研拟一环境影响评估架构，作为中国台湾地区环保部门开发案审核依据之参考。本文所研拟之环境影响评估架构的理论基础包括社会选择理论、社会判断理论及多属性评估方法。通过社会选择理论分析环境政策制定的机制；通过社会判断理论解释科学与价值如何整合于政策制定及其可行性中；而通过多属性评估方法建立开发案评选的集体决策技术。以山坡地开发为例说明此架构在实践中的应用。

Abstract:

Public policy making, especially environmental impact assessment, involves not only technical aspects but also social evaluation and political decision making. This paper addresses how to integrate science, values, and judgments into the process of environmental impact assessment, in order to construct a framework for the related environment protection agencies for policy making considerations. The theoretical underpinnings for the proposed framework include social choice theory, social judgment theory, and multi-attribute evaluation. The democratic mechanisms for environmental policy making are explained through social choice theory; The integration of science and values into policy making with feasibility through social judgment theory is depicted, and the technique for evaluating development alternatives through multi-attribute evaluation techniques is constructed. This paper uses hillside development as an example to explain how the framework works.