世界自然保护地类型体系研究及启示

Study on World Protected Area Type System and Its Enlightenment

关键词:  风景园林  自然保护地  类型体系  国家公园  特点  启示

Key words:  landscape architecture  protected area  type system  national park  characteristics  enlightenment

摘要:

中国自然保护地体系建设不仅是国家生态安全的重要保障，也是正在开展的国家公园体制建设的重要前提。在搜集、分析全球35个代表性国家的自然保护地类型体系现状的基础上，总结出世界自然保护地类型体系的一些共同特点，如类型划分标准各异、类型总量差距巨大、跨区域大尺度的保护地，以及与本国国情相适应的特色保护地等，提出构建中国自然保护地体系的基本原则，即“借鉴国际经验、符合中国国情、弘扬民族文化”，并特别强调要充分发挥风景名胜区等具有中国特色的保护地作用，更好地完善《关于建立以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系指导意见》。

Abstract:

The construction of China's protected area system is not only an important guarantee of national ecological security, but also an important prerequisite for the ongoing construction of national park system. On the basis of collecting and analyzing the status quo of the protected area type systems in 35 representative countries around the world, this paper summarizes some common characteristics of protected area type systems, such as different classification criteria, huge disparity in total types, large-scale protected areas across regions and special protection sites adapted to national conditions, and puts forward the basic principles of constructing the protected area system in China. Then, that is to say, "drawing lessons from international experience, conforming to China's national conditions, and promoting national cultures", and particularly emphasizing the need to give full play to the role of scenic and historic areas and other protected areas with Chinese characteristics, and better improving the Guiding Opinions on the Establishment of Natural Protected Areas System with National Parks as the Main Body.