中国国家公园社区共管机制构建框架 研究

Research on the Framework of Mechanism Building of Community-based Co-management in China's National Park System

关键词:  风景园林  国家公园  社区共管  框架  机制构建  中国

Key words:  landscape architecture  national park  Communitybased Co-management (CBCM)  framework  mechanism building  China

摘要:

中国国家公园社区共管机制构建对于实现保护目 标、保障社区权益、降低管理成本具有重要意义，但面临政策 模糊、内涵不清、类型庞杂的问题。基于文献调查法、案例研 究法、实地调查法和访谈调查法，明确了中国国家公园社区共 管机制建设的概念、目标、主体和客体，提出了基于社区管 控、扶持、协商、协议和合作五大类15个小类的社区共管机 制构建框架，分析了各类社区共管机制的适用条件和范围，从 法律、体制、市场、资金和社会5个方面指出社区共管机制建 设的实施路径。创新性地提出了中国国家公园社区共管机制构 建的理论框架，深化了对自然保护地社区共管的理论认识，为 各个体制试点的社区共管机制类型选择、国家林草局社区相关 政策制定提供参考依据。

Abstract:

Faced with unspecific policies, unclear definition and complicated categories, Community-based Co-management (CBCM) is crucial for conservation goals, community welfare and reducing management costs in China's national park system. Based on the theoretical analysis, literature review, fieldwork and comparative study, a framework of mechanism building of CBCM in China's national park system is introduced here, clearing its definition, aims, participants and contents, classifying it into five types (control, support, negotiation, contract and cooperation) and relevant 15 subtypes, analyzing conditions and scope of application and pointing out five approaches of implementation from perspectives of policy, system, market finance and social support. This framework deepens the theoretical understanding of co-management in protected areas and provides reference for national parks pilots in the way of mechanism selection and for central governments as policy recommendations.